A brain injury is an injury to the brain of a living organism, and can be categorized by many properties. Primary and secondary brain injury identifies the processes involved, while focus and spread brain injuries illustrate the severity and localization.
Video Brain injury
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Common issues after brain injury
Brain injury has far-reaching and diverse consequences because of the nature of the brain as the main source of body control. People with brain injuries usually have problems with memory. This can be a problem with long or short term memories depending on the location and severity of the injury. Sometimes memory can be improved through rehabilitation, although it can be permanent. Brain injury can also affect muscle control and coordination from the difficulty of writing until it can not perform basic body functions such as swallowing or coughing. Behavior and personality changes are also frequently observed due to changes in brain structures in areas that control hormones or major emotions. Headaches and pain can also occur as a result of a brain injury either directly from damage or due to a neurological condition that originates from an injury. Because of changes in the brain as well as problems associated with changes in physical and mental capacity, depression and low self-esteem are common side effects that can be treated with psychological help. Antidepressants should be used with caution in people who have brain injury because of the potential adverse effects due to brain chemistry that has changed.
Maps Brain injury
Diagnosis
Type
Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury is a change in the structural, physiological, or chemical transmitting pathways and other brain pathologies, and is caused by external forces. Post-traumatic brain injury is a change of neurological function by traumatic events. Some traumatic injuries can lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
Konkusi
A concussion is the most common type of brain trauma, and can be caused by direct damage to the head, gunshot wounds, stubborn headaches (very common in children), or coercion due to whiplash injury. A concussion occurs when the brain receives trauma from a collision or sudden momentum or movement changes. The blood vessels in the brain can stretch, and the cranial nerves can be damaged.
Penetrate
A penetrating injury occurs when a sharp object enters the brain, causing a large area of ​​damage. The bullet wound caused by bullets has a 91 percent mortality rate.
Coup-contrecoup
A coup-contrecoup injury occurs when the force affecting the head is not only strong enough to cause bruising at the impact site, but is also capable of moving the brain and causing it to move rapidly to the opposite side of the skull, causing additional bruising.
Diffuse axonal
The diffuse axonal injury is caused by a shear force in the brain that leads to lesions in the white matter matter of the brain. This shear force is seen in cases where the brain experiences a sharp rotational acceleration, and is caused by differences in density between white matter and gray matter.
Non-traumatic brain injury
Non-traumatic brain injury is caused 'from within' compared to external factors seen in traumatic brain injury. Generally, this is caused by a disturbance in blood flow to or in the brain, or by infection.
anoxic brain
Anoxic brain injury occurs when the human brain does not receive oxygen through the blood. The cells in the brain begin to die from anoxia.
hypoxic brain
Hypoxic brain injury occurs when the brain receives insufficient oxygen. Hypoxic brain injury, also called stagnant hypoxia, is caused by decreased blood flow or low blood pressure that causes lack of blood flow to the brain.
Treatment and medicines
Treatment for an emergency traumatic brain injury focuses on ensuring the person has enough oxygen from the blood supply of the brain, and at maintaining normal blood pressure to avoid further injury from the head or neck. The person may need surgery to remove the frozen blood or repair a skull fracture, which is necessary to cut a hole in the skull. Drugs used for traumatic injury are diuretics, anti-seizures or drugs that trigger coma. Diuretics reduce fluid in tissues that decrease pressure on the brain. In the first week after a traumatic brain injury, a person may have a seizure risk, an anti-seizure drug that helps prevent it. Drugs that induce coma can be used during surgery to reduce interference and restore blood flow.
References
External links
- Brain injury in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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