The range extender vehicle is a battery electric vehicle that includes an additional power unit (APU) known as the 'range extender'. Range extender drives the electric generator that charges the battery that supplies the electric motor of the vehicle with electricity. This setting is known as the hybrid drivetrain series. The most commonly used range extender is an internal combustion engine, but a fuel cell or other type of machine can be used.
Range extender vehicles are also referred to as extended-range electric vehicles ( EREV ), range-extended electric vehicles ( REEV ), and the vehicle's extended-battery-electric range ( BEVx ) by California Air Resources Board (CARB).
The main function of the extender range is to increase the range of the vehicle. The range of autonomy is one of the main obstacles to the commercial success of electric vehicles, and extending the range of vehicles when the battery runs out helps reduce range anxiety.
The expanding range of vehicle designs can also reduce the consumption of expanded range of fuel (such as gasoline) by using primary fuel (such as battery power), while still maintaining a single fuel vehicle range driving powered by various expanding fuels such as gasoline. The fuel elongated range is generally considered less environmentally friendly and economical to use than primary fuel sources, so the vehicle control system gives preference for using primary fuel if available. However, due to limited coverage with primary fuel sources, the expanded range of fuel enables vehicles to obtain the many cost and environmental benefits of primary fuel, while maintaining full driving range from fuel source reach. For example, in a Chevy Volt, battery power from the power grid can be cheaper and more environmentally friendly than petrol burning (depending on the source of the power plant), but due to trade off between the range of pure electric vehicles and the size of the batteries, adds a longitudinal range of gasoline perceived by many as a good compromise to give the Chevy Volt a much larger driving distance. How much benefit comes from the use of primary fuel but depends on how the vehicle is driven. For example, the first generation Chevy Volt will operate 100% on battery power from the power grid for the first 60 km (37 miles), while the second generation Volt will operate on 100% battery power for the first 85 km (53 miles) when fully charged between trips. However, if the same Chevy Volt is driven for hundreds of miles a day it will require significant gasoline because the battery will quickly run out. Using a gasoline engine to generate power for the motor, the economic rating is 6.4 L/100 km (37 mpg -US ) and 5.6 L/100 km (42 mpg -US ) for different generation models. Therefore, it is very important to understand the driving pattern of the average commuter to fully understand the impact this remote vehicle will offer in the real world.
Many range extender vehicles, including the Chevrolet Volt and BMW i3, can charge their batteries from the grid as well as from the range extender, and therefore are plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) types.
When the extender range uses conventional fuels, they can re-refuel on regular fuel station warranties to give them the same driving range as conventional cars.
Because REEV is only driven by an electric motor, it can eliminate the weight and costs associated with a gearbox transmission system that is typically used on internal combustion engine cars. Furthermore, since the extender range does not need to increase or decrease output according to the power requirements of the vehicle (this task is handled by the electric motor) the range extender can be measured to meet the average power requirement of the vehicle rather than the peak power demand (such as when accelerated). Range extender can also operate closer to the most efficient rotational speed. This design feature enables REEV to convert fossil fuel energy into electric power and vehicle movement with great efficiency.
Video Range extender (vehicle)
Generation
- Extenders first generation range of internal rack burning machine.
- The second generation consists of a piston engine with a new design from scratch for a fairly constant load in the hybrid series. They include wankel machines, rotary combustion engines and free piston engines.
- The third generation is a micro turbine and fuel cell that works at a constant load.
Maps Range extender (vehicle)
CARB Settings
According to the 2012 Amendment to the Zero Emission Vehicle Regulations adopted in March 2012 by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), long-distance battery electric vehicles, designated as BEVx, must comply, inter alia, with the following criteria:
- Vehicles must have a measured range of all electricity at least 120 km (75 miles). This is higher than the required 80 km (50 miles) of zero-emission vehicles;
- The additional power unit (APU) must provide a range less than or equal to the battery range;
- The APU can not be turned on until the battery has been discharged;
- Vehicles must meet the requirements of super ultra emission vehicle (SULEV); and
- APU and all associated fuel systems must meet zero evaporative emission requirements.
Apps
Range Extenders are generally used in the ocean (autonomous underwater vehicle), aircraft and Generator/Utility, automotive and hybrid electric vehicle applications.
Automotive
Chevrolet Volt
General Motors describes the Chevrolet Volt as an electric vehicle equipped with a 16 kWh battery plus a "extend range" of gasoline-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) as a generator and therefore dubbed Volt as "Extended Range Electric Vehicle" or E-REV. In an interview in January 2011, Chevy Volt's Chief Engineer Global, Pamela Fletcher, called the Volt "an electric car with an extended range." Volt operates as a pure electric car for the first 40-80 km (25 to 50 miles) in charge-depleting mode. When battery capacity falls below the pre-defined threshold of the full load, the vehicle enters a charging mode, and the Volt control system will select the most optimally efficient driving mode to improve performance and improve high-speed efficiency.
According to Real Motors' real-time calculations controlled by Volt owners in North America, by mid-June 2014, they have collected more than 800 million km of electricity (500 million miles). GM also reports that the owner of the Volt driver is over 63% in all-electric mode. Volunteers who charge regularly typically drive more than 1,560 km (970 miles) between charging and visit gas stations less than once a month. A similar report, issued by GM in August 2016, reports that the Volt owners have accumulated nearly 2.4 billion km (1.5 billion miles) driven in EV mode, representing 60% of their total mileage trip.
BMW i3
BMW i3 all-electric car with a battery capacity of at least 22 kWh offers the APU gasoline-fueled extender of choice. Range extender is the same 647 cc two-cylinder gasoline engine used in BMW C650 GT motorcycle with a fuel tank of 9Ã,® (2.0Ã, galc, 2,4Ã,Â, USÃ, gal). The US model offers a smaller 7L tank. Range extender moves when battery level drops to 6%. This generates electricity to extend the range of 130-160 km (80 to 100 mi) to 240 to 300 km (150 to 190 mi) Performance in range mode may be more limited than when running on battery power, as BMW designs range extender as backup to enable reach the location of recharging.
According to BMW, at the beginning of the i3 release, the use of range-extenders is much more than the car manufacturers expected, more than 60%. Over time it has decreased significantly, with some people hardly ever using it, and by 2016 it is regularly used in less than 5% of i3.
Option range-extender surcharge US $ 3,850 in United States, additional EUR4,710 (~ US $ 6,300 ) in France, and EUR4,490 (~ US $ 6,000 ) in the Netherlands.
The range-extender option of the BMW i3 is designed to meet CARB regulations for additional power units (APUs) called REx. According to CARB rules adopted in March 2012, BMW i3 2014 with REX units installed will be the first car to qualify as a long-range battery electric vehicle or "BEVx." CARB describes this type of electric vehicle as "the relatively high range of electric-electric batteries (BEV) that APU adds." The APU, which retains battery charge of about 6% after the packet has been depleted in normal use, is very limited in the additional range that can be provided.
Another example
Other wide range electric vehicles include Cadillac ELR discontinued and Fisker Karma discontinued. In June 2016, Nissan announced it will introduce compact range extender cars in Japan before March 2017. The plug-in hybrid series will use a new hybrid system, dubbed e-Power, which debuts with Nissan Gripz concept crossover exhibited at the 2015 Frankfurt Auto Show.
This approach has also been used for heavy vehicles, such as Wrightbus's Gemini 2 bus and New Routemaster.
Unmanned aerial vehicles
The Wolverine 3 2010 program includes an ICE range extender for unmanned aerial vehicles.
Powertrain
A wide range of electric vehicles using hybrid series drivetrain.
See also
- Clip generator
- Hybrid vehicle drivetrain
- Microturbines
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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