The standard battery nomenclature describes a portable dry cell battery that has physical dimensions and electrical characteristics that can be interchanged between the manufacturer. The long history of expendable dry cells means that many different national and different plant standards are used to determine the size, long before international standards are achieved. The technical standards for battery size and type are defined by standard organizations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Popular sizes are still referred to by old standards or manufacturers' designations, and some non-systematic designations have been incorporated in current international standards due to widespread use.
The full nomenclature for the battery will fully determine the size, chemistry, terminal settings and battery-specific characteristics. The same physically exchanged cell size may have very different characteristics; Physical exchange is not the only factor in battery replacement.
The national standard for dry cell batteries has been developed by ANSI, JIS, UK national standards, and others. Civil, commercial, governmental and military standards all exist. Two of the most common standards used today are the IEC 60086 series and the ANSI C18.1 series. Both standards provide dimensions, standard performance characteristics, and safety information.
Modern standards contain both systematic names for cell types that provide information about the composition and size of cell estimates, as well as random numerical codes for cell sizes.
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Sejarah standar IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) was established in France in 1906 and coordinated the development of standards for a wide range of electrical products. IEC maintains two committees, TC21 was established in 1933 for rechargeable batteries, and TC35 was established in 1948 for primary batteries, to develop standards. The current appointment system was adopted in 1992. Type of battery designated by sequence of letters/numbers showing the number of cells, cell chemistry, cell shape, dimensions, and special characteristics. Specific cell assignments from previous revisions of the standard have been retained.
The first IEC standard for battery size was issued in 1957. Since 1992, the international standard IEC 60086 defines an alphanumeric coding system for batteries. The British Standard 397 for primary batteries was withdrawn and replaced with IEC standards in 1996.
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History of ANSI standard
Battery standardization in the United States began in 1919, when the US National Bureau of Standards published recommended test procedures and standard cell dimensions. The American standard was revised several times over the next few decades, as new cell sizes were introduced and new chemicals developed, including chloride, alkaline, mercury and rechargeable types.
The first American Standard Association (ANSI predecessor) of the C18 standard appeared in 1928. It lists cell sizes using letter codes, roughly in order of size from smallest (A) to larger types. The only numerical designation is a 6 inch high "No. 6" cell. The 1934 edition of the C18 standard expands the nomenclature system to include parallel cell circuits and arrangements. In 1954, mercury batteries were included in the standard. The 1959 edition identifies the type that is suitable for use with transistor radios. In 1967, NEMA took over responsibility for the development of the National Bureau of Standards. The 12th edition of C18 starts aligned with IEC standards. Rechargeable batteries were introduced in the C18 standard in 1984, and lithium type was standardized in 1991.
In 1999 the ANSI standard was widely revised and separated the safety standards provided. The current edition of the ANSI standard designates a size with a random number, with a prefix for pointing a shape, and with letters or suffixes to identify various chemicals, terminals, or other features.
IEC battery name
Three different IEC technical committees make battery standards: TC21 (lead-acid), SC21 (other secondary) and TC35 (primary). Each group has issued standards relating to battery nomenclature - IEC 60095 for lead acid starter battery, IEC 61951-1 and 61951-2 for Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries, IEC 61960 for Li-ion, and IEC 60086-1 for the primary battery.
Primary battery
Battery numbering
Examples of IEC nomenclature are battery coded R20, 4R25X, 4LR25-2, 6F22, 6P222/162, CR17345 and LR2616J. Letters and numbers in the code indicate the number of cells, cell chemistry, shape, dimensions, number of parallel paths in the assembled battery and any letter of modification deemed necessary. Multi-part batteries (two or more voltages from the same package) will have multi-part designation.
Prior to October 1990, round cells were assigned with sequential numerical-size codes ranging from R06 to R70, eg R20 is a cell size "D" or an ANSI "13" size. After October 1990, round cells were systematically identified with numbers derived from their diameter and height. Primary cells greater than 100 mm in diameter or height are designated with "/" tilts between diameter and height.
Electrochemical System
The first letter identifies the chemical composition of the battery, which also implies a nominal voltage.
It is common to refer to the first negative electrode in the IEC battery definition.
Italics indicates a chemical system that is unlikely to be found in consumptive or general batteries, or withdrawn from the current standard.
Shape
The form code is:
- R Round, (coin, key or cylindrical)
- P Not rounded
- F Flat (built in layers)
- S Square (or rectangle or prismatic)
The form codes F and S are still used but not used for new battery definitions.
Code size
Certain sizes, given by one or two digit numbers, represent standard size codes from previous standard editions. The size given as 4 or more digits indicates the battery's diameter and overall height.
The numbers in the code correlate with the dimensions of the battery. For batteries with dimensions & lt; 100 mm in diameter (cut off) in millimeters, followed by a height in a tenth of a millimeter; for batteries with a single dimension> = 100 mm in diameter in millimeters, then a slash (/) followed by a height in millimeters.
As well as the recommended size code definition there are also ten final letter modifications that can be added to the end of a certain size code. It runs from A to L (eliminating F and I) and depending on the largest dimensions of the battery can denote 0.0- 0.9 mm maximum dimensions or 0.00 to 0.09 mm maximum dimensions with A being 0,0 or 0 , 00 and L to be 0.9 or 0.09.
For flat cells, the diameter code is given as the diameter of the circle that is bounded around the entire area of ​​the cell.
Standard size codes for round batteries that do not follow the current nomenclature but have been stored for ease of use are provided by one or two of the following digits R. This includes but is not limited to:
The round button batteries also carry a double-digit size code such as R44, see the button battery table for a typical dimension. Other round, flat, and square sizes have been standardized but mostly used for multi-cell battery components.
The following is a partial list of standard diameters recommended by IEC and altitude codes for round cells:
Modifiers
After the packet size code (s), additional letters may be optional. Terminal styles and variants of the same battery can be designated by the letter X or Y. The performance level can also be set with C, P, S, CF, HH, or HB or other letter suffixes. The additional letter "W" states that this battery meets all the requirements of the IEC 60086-3 standard for watch batteries, such as dimensional tolerances, chemical leaks, and test methods.
Battery category
The IEC nomenclature classifies batteries based on their general shape and overall physical appearance. These categories, however, are not identified in the IEC battery nomenclature.
- Category 1 : Cylindrical cells with hollow and flat negative and negative terminals. The positive terminal must be concentric with the cell as a whole. The total cell height does not have to be equal to the total distance between the terminals (This account is for nubs, recess, and battery case). The cell casing is isolated. Yes. R1 & amp; LR8D425
- Category 2 : Cylindrical cells with prominent negative and protruding or negative terminals. The total cell height is equal to the total distance between the terminals. The cell casing is isolated. Yes. CR14250, LR61
- Category 3 : Cylindrical cells with positive and negative terminals are flat. The total cell height does not have to be equal to the total distance between the terminals (This explains each bulge from the negative terminal). The cell casing is related to the positive terminal. No part of the cell is allowed to protrude from the positive terminal surface. Yes. CR11108, LR9
- Category 4 : Cylindrical cells with prominent flat negative terminals. The total cell height is equal to the total distance between the terminals. The cell casing is a positive terminal and it is recommended that the outer surface be used for positive connections even though it may be from the base. No part of the cell is allowed to protrude from the positive terminal surface. Yes. LR44, CR2032
- Category 5 : A cylindrical battery that does not match any other category. Yes. R40, 8LR23
- Category 6 : Non-cylindrical batteries. Yes. 3R12, 4R25, 6F22
Secondary battery
Battery nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride
Nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries follow the same rules as the above systems; especially cylindrical cells designed to be dimensionally interchangeable with the primary battery using the same determination as the primary battery, the code for the electrochemical system as below.
All other cells use the following system.
- Small prism cell : KF or HF followed by maximum width in mm/maximum thickness in mm/maximum height in mm. For example. KF 18/07/49
- Cylindrical cells : KR or HR followed by letters showing the rate of discharge (L, H, M or X for each low, medium, high and very high); then another letter may be added to indicate use at high temperatures (T or U) or fast charging (R); then the maximum diameter in mm/maximum height in mm. For example. KRL 33/62, HRHR 23/43
- Key cells : KB or HB followed by maximum diameter in tenth of mm/maximum height in tenth of mm. For example. KBL 116/055
Lithium-ion battery
Lithium-ion batteries have different rules for naming, which apply both to batteries of multiple cells and single cells. They will be set as:
N 1 A 1 A 2 A 3 N 2 /N 3 /N 4 -N 5
where N 1 denotes the number of series connected cells and N 5 shows the number of parallel connected cells (only if the number is greater than 1); these numbers apply only to batteries.
A 1 denotes the base of the negative electrode phase, where I is for lithium ions and L is for metals or lithium alloys.
A 2 indicates the base of the positive electrode phase, and can be C, N, M, V or T for cobalt, nickel, manganese, vanadium and titanium.
A 3 is for cell shape; both R for cylinder and P for prism.
N 2 is the maximum diameter (in the case of cylindrical cells) or thickness (prism cell) in mm.
N 3 is only used for prism cells to indicate maximum width in mm.
N 4 is the maximum overall height in mm.
(For any of the lengths above, if dimensions smaller than 1 mm can be written as tN, with N being one tenth of an mm)
For example. ICR19/66, ICPt9/35/48, 2ICP20/34/70, 1ICP20/68/70-2
ANSI battery nomenclature
The initial edition of the ANSI standard uses a letter code to identify the cell dimension. Because at that time there was only a carbon-zinc cell, no suffixes or other notation required. The letter system was introduced in the standard edition of 1924, with letters A through J set approximately in order of increasing cell volume, for cells normally produced at that time. In 1934, the system was revised and expanded to 17 sizes ranging from NS in diameter / 16 Ã, with 3 / 4 inches high, through size J on 1 3 / 4 Ã, inch diameter by 5 7 / 8 inch high, to standard cell largest retaining the old appointment No. 6 and the 2 1 / 2 Inches diameter and height 6 inches. Size and form of code
The current edition of the standard uses numerical codes to indicate the size of the cell. Common round cell sizes are:
Since IEC and ANSI battery standards have been aligned, for example, R20 cells will have the same dimensions as ANSI 13 cells.
Flat cells, used as multi-cell battery components, have the F prefix and a series of numbers to identify the size. Coin cells are coded in size in the 5000 range.
Secondary cells using H and K systems (nickel-metal hydride and nickel-iron sulphide) have a series of separate sized codes, but cells can be interchangeable dimensional with primary cells.
System suffixes and performance letters
Electrochemical systems and performance information are given in suffixes.
See also
- Battery recycling
- Comparison of commercial battery types
- Battery history
- List of battery sizes
- List of battery types
- Find Super Batteries (PBS 2017 film)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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