Manpower is the work or energy produced from the human body. It can also refer to the strength (rate of work per time) of a human being. Strength mainly comes from muscle, but body heat is also used to do work such as warming shelter, food, or other human beings.
The world record of human power performance appeals to work planners and process engineers. The average level of human strength that can be sustained over a given time duration, say for a minute or an hour appeals to engineers who design work operations in the industry. Human power is sometimes used to generate and sometimes store electrical energy in batteries for use in the desert.
Video Human power
Available power
Normal human metabolism generates heat at a basal metabolic rate of about 80 watts.
During a bicycle race, a trained cyclist can generate nearly 400 watts of mechanical power over an hour and in very short bursts of up to two-fold - 1000 to 1100 watts; Modern racing bikes have mechanical efficiencies of over 95%. Adults with good fitness are more likely to average between 50 and 150 watts for an hour of strong exercise. Over 8 hours of shift work, on average, healthy, well-fed and motivated manual workers can maintain an output of about 75 watts of work. However, the potential yield of human power declines by the inefficiency of each generator device, since all real generators cause considerable losses during the energy conversion process.
While efforts have been made to fit the electric generator for sports equipment, the energy collected is of lower value compared to the cost of the conversion equipment.
Maps Human power
Human-powered transport
Some forms of transportation harness human strength. They include bicycles, wheelchairs, walks, skateboards, wheelbarrows, rowing, skiing, and rickshaws. Some forms can take advantage of more than one person. The historic galai was driven by free men or citizens in ancient times, and by slaves captured by pirates in the more recent times. MacCready Gossamer Condor was the first human-powered aircraft capable of controlling and maintaining flights, making its first flight in 1977. In 2007, Jason Lewis Expedition 360 became the first person to circumnavigate the world in non-polar latitudes using only human labor - walking, cycling, and roller-skated across the land; and swimming, kayaking, rowing, and using a 26-foot-tall motorized boat to cross the ocean.
Human empowered tools
Some tools use human strength. It may directly use the mechanical strength of the muscle, or the generator can convert the energy produced by the body into electricity.
Human-powered equipment consists of electrical equipment that can be powered by electricity generated by human muscle strength as an alternative to conventional power sources such as disposable primary batteries and power grids. Such devices contain electric generators or induction systems to recharge their batteries. Sept-operated crank generators are now available to recharge portable battery-powered electronic devices such as cell phones. Others, such as mechanically powered flashlights, have built-in generators in the device.
The alternative to rechargeable batteries for electrical storage is the super-capacitor, now used in some devices such as mechanically powered flashlights shown here. Devices that store energy mechanically, not electrically, include clock radio with the main driver, which is wrapped around the crank and turns the generator to turn on the radio.
The earliest examples of the use of human-powered electrical equipment are on an early telephone system; currently to ring a remote bell provided by customers cranking the grip on the phone, which converts a small magneto generator. Human-powered devices are useful as emergency equipment, when natural disasters, wars, or civil disturbances make regular power supplies unavailable. They have also been considered economical for use in poor countries, where batteries may be expensive and main electricity is unreliable or unavailable. They are also a better environmental alternative than the use of disposable batteries, which are wasteful energy sources and can introduce heavy metals into the environment. Communication is a common application for the relatively small amount of electrical power that can be generated by humans that turn on the generator.
Radio survival
Radio survival girl of World War II, Gibson, uses a hand-cranked generator to provide power; this avoids the unreliable dry cell battery performance that may be stored for months before it is needed, although it has the disadvantage that survivors should be fit enough to turn the crank. Radio survival was discovered and used by both sides during the war. The SCR-578 radio transmitter survival (and similar after AN/CRT-3 wars) carried by planes on water operations was given the nickname "Gibson Girl" because of their "hourglass" shape, which allowed them to be held. stationary between legs when the handle of the generator is turned.
Military radio
During World War II, US forces sometimes used hand-crank generators, GN-35 and GN-45, to turn on Signal Corps radio. Hand cranking is tiring, but produces enough current for smaller radio sets, such as SCR-131, SCR-161, SCR-171, SCR-284, and SCR-694.
Windup radio
A windup radio or clock radio is a radio powered by human muscle power rather than battery or power grid. In the most common settings, the internal electric generator is run by the main thrust, which is wrapped by a hand crank on the casing. Activating the crank will rotate the spring and the full winding will allow several hours of operation. Alternatively, the generator can charge the internal battery.
Radio powered by a handcranked generator is not new, but their market was previously seen limited to emergency or military organizations. The modern clock radio was designed and patented in 1991 by British inventor Trevor Baylis in response to the HIV/AIDS crisis. He envisioned it as a radio for use by poor people in developing countries without access to batteries. In 1994, British accountant Chris Staines and his South African counterpart, Rory Stear, licensed the world for this discovery and founded Baygen Power Industries (now Freeplay Energy Ltd), which produced the first commercial model. The key to the design is the use of constant velocity springs to store potential energy, which is no longer in use. After Baylis lost control of his invention when Baygen became Freeplay, Freeplay Energy units switched to disposable batteries that were filled by cheaper hand crank generators.
Like other self-powered equipment, windup radios are meant for camping, emergencies and for areas where there is no power grid and replacement batteries are difficult to obtain, such as in developing countries or remote settlements. They are also useful where the radio is not used regularly and the battery will deteriorate, such as in vacation homes or cabins.
Windup radios designed for emergency use often include flashlights, flashing emergency lights, and emergency sirens. They can also include some alternative resources, such as disposable or rechargeable batteries, cigarette lighter containers, and solar cells.
Powered Transmission Pedal
The Pedal Radio (or Pedal Wireless ) is a transmitter-receiver radio powered by a pedal-driven generator. It was developed by Alfred Traeger in 1929 as a way of providing radio communications to remote homesteads in the Australian outback. There is no electricity or generator available at the time and the battery to provide the required power will be too expensive. This is considered an important Australian discovery.
See also
- Radio without battery
- The bottle dynamo
- Energy harvesters
- Mikropower
- PaveGen
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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