Today, English speakers use the term lantern to describe many types of portable lighting, but the lanterns originate as a protective enclosure for light sources - usually wax or wick in oil - to make it easier to carry and hang, and at outdoor is more secure or in windy interior.
Lanterns are usually made of metal frames with multiple sides (usually four, but up to eight), usually with a metal hook or circle on top. Window of some transparent material will be mounted on its sides, now usually glass or plastic but used to be thin sheet of animal horn, or tin plate with hole or decorative pattern; although some antique lanterns only have metal boxes, clearly indicating their function is described below.
Although it is mainly used to prevent burned wax or extinguished axes, another important function is to reduce the risk of fire if there is a spark from a fire or falling light. This is especially important under deck boats: fire on wooden boats is a major disaster. The use of unattended lights is considered so serious that the use of lanterns is mandatory, rather than unprotected fire, under deck written into one of the few remaining examples of extant pirate code, about severe punishment pain (article VI article Captain John Phillips ). The term used is "lanthorn", believed to be due to popular etymology, from the early use of horn windows.
Lanterns can also be used to signal, as a torch, or as a common light source outdoors. Low light level varieties can serve as decorations. The term "lantern" is also used more generally to mean a light source, or enclosure for a light source. An example is a glass-panel covered street light, or housing for the upper lights and lens parts of the lighthouse. This term is commonly associated with Chinese paper lanterns.
Video Lantern
History
The word "lantern" comes from French from the Latin "lanterna", probably derived from Greek.
Lanterns, some using axes in oil, others essentially protected wax-holders, have been used functionally, for light rather than decoration, since antiquity. Prior to the development of glass sheets, the horns of thinly scratched and flattened animals were used as translucent windows.
Decorative lampion exists in various designs. Some hang from buildings, while others are placed above or above the ground. Paper lanterns are made in communities around the world. Modern varieties often place electric lights in decorative glass containers.
Ancient Chinese sometimes catch fireflies in transparent or semi-transparent containers and use them as lanterns (short term). Lift Red Lantern , a Chinese film, prominently featured a lantern as a motif. Lanterns are used in many Asian festivals. During the Ghost Festival, lotus-shaped lanterns are floated in rivers and seas to guide lost souls from forgotten ancestors to the afterlife. During the Lantern Festival, featuring many lanterns is still a common sight on the 15th day of the first lunar month across China. In other Chinese celebrations, congress lanterns can be seen floating high into the sky during Chinese celebrations. The lantern is the central theme of the Seoul Lantern Festival as well.
The use of fireflies in transparent containers is also a widespread practice in ancient India. But since this is a short-term solution, the use of fire torches is more common.
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, lanterns are used in religious processions and liturgical entrances, usually before the procession of the cross.
The lantern is also used to transport Holy Fire from the Church of the Holy Sepulcher on the Great Saturday during Holy Week.
The derived term "lampion jaw [ed]" is used in two very different ways, comparing faces with different types of lanterns. According to OED, it refers to "thin long jaws, giving a hollow appearance to the cheeks"; this use was recorded in 1361, referring to a lantern with a concave horn side before glass was used. Another meaning comes from a 15th-century lantern with a prominent base (pictured above), compared to a person's face with mandible prognosis, with an expanded chin, also known as the Habsburg jaw or Habsburg's lips because it is a descendant of the House of Habsburg ( see for example portrait Charles V ).
Maps Lantern
Modern-fueled lantern
All fuel lanterns are somewhat dangerous due to the danger of handling combustible and toxic fuels, the danger of fire or burns from the high temperatures involved, and the potential danger from carbon monoxide poisoning if used in closed environments.
A simple lantern flashlight remains available. They are cheap and durable, but provide little light and are not suitable for reading. They require periodic pruning of soot and regular soot cleaning from the inside of the glass chimney.
The mantle lanterns use a ceramic impregnated gas coat to receive and re-emit heat as visible light from the fire. The coat is not burned (but the fabric matrix that carries the ceramic must "burn" with a match before the first use). When heated by an operating flame, the mantle becomes incandescent and shines brightly. Heat may be provided by gas, by kerosene, or by a pressurized fluid such as "white gas," which is essentially naphtha. For protection from the resulting high temperatures and for stabilizing airflow, a cylindrical shield of glass called a globe or chimney is placed around the mantle.
Manually pressurized lanterns using white gas (also marketed as Coleman fuel or "Camp Fuel") are manufactured by Coleman Company in models one and two coats. Some models are dual fuel and can also use gasoline. It is being replaced by battery-powered fluorescent lamps and LED models, which are safer in the hands of young people and inside tents. Battery-operated lanterns are manufactured by many manufacturers including Coleman. Liquid fuel lanterns remain popular where fuel is easy to obtain and commonly used.
Many of the mantle type portable fuel lanterns now use fuel gas that becomes liquid when compressed, such as propane, either alone or in combination with butane. Such lamps typically use disposable steel containers to provide fuel. The ability to refuel without the handling of liquid fuels enhances safety and additional fuel supply for such lamps has unlimited shelf life if the container is protected from moisture (which can cause corrosion of the container) and excess heat.
Modern electric lantern
Lighting fixtures
Lanterns designed as permanently installed electric light fixtures are used in interior, landscape, and civil lighting applications. Style can evoke the old era, unify the theme of street furniture, or enhance the aesthetic considerations. They are manufactured for use with a wide range of supply voltage cables.
Some rechargeable fluorescent lanterns can be plugged in at any time and can be set to illuminate over power failures, a feature useful in some applications. During extensive power failures (or for long-distance use), additional refilling may be provided from a 12 volt car power system or from a simple solar powered charger. Solar-powered lanterns have become popular in developing countries, where they provide safer and cheaper alternatives to kerosene lamps.
Battery-powered lantern
Different types of batteries are used in portable light sources. They are more comfortable, safer, and produce less heat than burning lamps.
LED
Lanterns utilizing LEDs are very popular because they are more energy efficient and rugged than other types, and LED prices that are suitable for lighting have gone down.
Gallery
See also
- Coleman Lantern
- Flashlight
- Kerosene lamp
- List of light sources
- Oil lamp
- Sky lantern
References
Note
Bibliografi
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments