Sony Corporation ( ??????? , Children? Kabushiki Kaisha , SOH -nee , with style SONY ) is a Japanese multinational conglomerate company headquartered in K? nan, Minato, Tokyo. Its diverse businesses include consumer and professional electronics, games, entertainment, and financial services. The company has the largest music entertainment business in the world, and is one of the leading manufacturers of consumer electronics products for the consumer and professional markets, and a leading player in the film industry. Sony is ranked 105th on the Fortune Global 500 list in 2017.
Sony Corporation is an electronic business unit and parent company of Sony Group ( ???????? , Son? Gur ? Pu ), which is engaged in business through four operating components: electronics (AV, IT & communication products, semiconductors, video games, network services and medical business), moving images (movies and TV shows) , music (record labels and music publishing) and financial services (banking and insurance). This makes Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. This group consists of Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures, Sony Mobile, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music, Sony Financial Holdings and others.
Sony is one of the leaders of semiconductor sales and by 2016, the world's fifth largest television producer after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, TCL and Hisense.
The company's current slogan is BE MOVE . Their former slogan is The One and Only (1980-1982), This is Sony (1982-2002), like.no.other ( 2005-2009) and make.believe (2009-2014).
Sony has a weak bond with keiretsu Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG), the successor to Mitsui keiretsu.
Video Sony
Histori
Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo
Sony began in the wake of World War II. In 1946, Masaru Ibuka started an electronics store in a shopping complex in Tokyo. The company started with Ã, Â ¥ 190,000 capital and a total of eight employees. In May 1946, Ibuka joined Akio Morita to establish a company called Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo ( ?????? , T? Ky? Ts? Shin K? Gy? ) (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation). The company built the first tape recorder in Japan, called Type-G. In 1958, the company changed its name to "Sony".
Name
When Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo is looking for a romanization name to use to market themselves, they are very much considering using their initials, TTK. The main reason they are not is that the Tokyo railway company Kyuko is known as TTK. The company sometimes used the acronym "Totsuko" in Japan, but during his visit to the United States, Morita found that Americans had difficulty pronouncing the name. Another initial name temporarily tried is "Tokyo Teletech" until Akio Morita discovers that there are American companies already using Teletech as a brand name.
The name "Sony" is chosen for the brand as a mixture of two words: one is the Latin " sonus ", which is the root of sonic and sound, and the other is " sonny " , a common slang term used in the 1950s America to call a boy. In the 1950s, the Japanese "sonic son", was a Japanese word loan that links intelligent and polite young people, whose founders Sony Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka regarded as themselves.
Sony's first branded product, the TR-55 transistor radio, appeared in 1955 but the company's name did not change to Sony until January 1958.
At the time of the change, it is very unusual for a Japanese company to use Roman letters to spell its name, instead of writing it in kanji. The move was not without resistance: the main TTK bank at the time, Mitsui, had a strong feeling about the name. They push names like Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech. Akio Morita is firm, however, because she does not want the company's name to be tied to a particular industry. Finally, both the heads of Ibuka and Mitsui Bank gave their consent.
Globalization
According to Schiffer, Sony TR-63 radio "opened the US market and launched a new consumer microelectronics industry." In the mid-1950s, American teenagers began purchasing large portable transistor radios, helping to drive the emerging industry from about 100,000 units in 1955 to 5 million units by the end of 1968.
Sony co-founder Akio Morita founded Sony Corporation of America in 1960. In the process, he was struck by the mobility of employees among American companies, which was unheard of in Japan at the time. When he returned to Japan, he encouraged experienced middle-aged employees from other companies to reevaluate their careers and consider joining Sony. The company is filling many positions this way, and inspires other Japanese companies to do the same. In addition, Sony played a major role in the development of Japan as a strong exporter during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. It also helped significantly improve America's perception of "Japanese-made" products. Known for its production quality, Sony is able to charge above-market prices for its consumer electronics and refuse to lower prices.
In 1971, Masaru Ibuka handed over the president to his co-founder Akio Morita. Sony started a life insurance company in 1979, one of its many peripheral businesses. In the midst of a global recession in the early 1980s, electronics sales declined and companies were forced to cut prices. Sony's profits fell sharply. "It's over for Sony," an analyst concludes. "The company's best days are behind it." Around that time, Norio Ohga took on the role of president. He encouraged the development of Compact Discs in the 1970s and 1980s, and the PlayStation in the early 1990s. Ohga went on to purchase CBS Records in 1988 and Columbia Pictures in 1989, greatly expanding the presence of Sony media. Ohga will replace Morita as chief executive officer in 1989. Under the vision of co-founder Akio Morita and his successors, the company has been aggressively expanding its new business. Part of the motivation to do so is to pursue "convergence," linking movies, music and digital electronics over the Internet. This expansion proved unprofitable and unprofitable, threatening Sony's ability to charge a premium on its product and brand name. In 2005, Howard Stringer replaced Nobuyuki Idei as chief executive officer, marking the first time a foreigner had run a major Japanese electronics company. Stringer helps to revive the company's media struggle business, encouraging blockbusters like Spider-Man while cutting 9,000 jobs. He hopes to sell the peripheral business and focus the company again on electronics. Furthermore, it aims to enhance cooperation between business units, which he describes as "silos" that operate separately from each other. In an effort to provide a unified brand for its global operations, Sony introduced a slogan known as "make.believe" in 2009.
Despite some successes, the company faced a continued struggle in the mid to late 2000s. In 2012, Kazuo Hirai was promoted to president and CEO, replacing Stringer. Shortly after, Hirai outlined his company's initiative, named "One Sony" to revive Sony from years of financial losses and bureaucratic management structures, which proved difficult for former CEO Stringer to achieve, partly because of differences in business culture and the native language between Stringer and some Japanese divisions and Sony subsidiaries. Hirai outlines three key areas of focus for Sony's electronics business, which include imaging technology, gaming and mobile technology, as well as a focus on reducing huge losses from the television business.
In February 2014, Sony announced the sale of its Vaio PC division to a new company owned by Japan Industrial Partners investment fund and spun its TV division into its own company to make it more agile to convert the unit from a past loss of $ 7.8 billion. more than a decade. Later that month, they announced that they would close 20 stores. In April, the company announced that it would sell 9.5 million shares in Square Enix (about 8.2 percent of the company's total gaming company) in a deal worth about $ 48 million. In May 2014, the company announced it would establish two joint ventures with Shanghai Oriental Pearl Group to manufacture and market Sony PlayStation game consoles and related software in China.
Maps Sony
Format and technology
Sony is historically famous for creating its own internal standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting others from standard manufacturers and bodies. Sony (either alone or with partners) has introduced some of the most popular recording formats, including floppy disks, Compact Discs, and Blu-ray Discs.
Video recording
The company launched the Betamax video cassette format in 1975. Sony became involved in the famous videocassette format war of the early 1980s, when Sony marketed the Betamax system for videocassette recorders of the VHS format developed by JVC. Ultimately, VHS gained a critical mass in the marketplace and became the world standard for consumer VCRs.
While Betamax is for all practical purposes the outdated format, a professional component-oriented video format called Betacam that comes from Betamax is still used today, especially in the television industry, although much less in recent years with the introduction of digital and high definition.
In 1985, Sony launched their Handycam product and Video8 format. Video8 and Hi-band Hi8 band formats are becoming popular in the consumer camcorder market. In 1987 Sony launched the 4mm DAT or Digital Audio Tape as the new standard digital audio tape.
Audio recording
In 1979, the Walkman brand was introduced, in the form of the world's first portable music player using a compact cassette format. Sony introduced the MiniDisc format in 1992 as an alternative to Philips DCC or Digital Compact Cassette and instead of compact cassettes. Since the introduction of MiniDisc, Sony has tried to promote its own audio compression technology under the ATRAC brand, against the more widely used MP3. By the end of 2004, Sony's Walkman line of portable digital music players did not support native MP3 standards.
In 2004, Sony built the MiniDisc format with the release of Hi-MD. Hi-MD enables audio playback and recording on a newly introduced 1 GB Hi-MD disc next to playback and recording on regular MiniDiscs. In addition to storing audio on discs, Hi-MD allows storage of computer files such as documents, videos, and photos.
Audio encoding
In 1993, Sony challenged the industry-standard Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound format with a newer, more advanced digital audio format called SDDS (Sony Dynamic Digital Sound). This format uses eight channels (7.1) of audio opposite to only six used in Dolby Digital 5.1 at the time. Ultimately, SDDS has been heavily overshadowed by DTS (Digital Theater System) and the preferred Dolby Digital standard in the film industry. SDDS only developed for use in theater circuits; Sony has never intended to develop a home theater version of SDDS.
Sony and Philips jointly developed Sony-Philips digital format (S/PDIF) and SACD high-fidelity audio system. The latter has since been entrenched in the format war with DVD-Audio. Currently, there is no major foothold with the general public. CDs are favored by consumers because of the existence of CD drives everywhere in consumer devices.
Optical storage
In 1983, Sony followed its partner Philips to Compact Disc (CD). In addition to developing consumer-based recording media, after the launch of the CD, Sony began to develop commercial-based recording media. In 1986 they launched Write-Once optical discs (WO) and in 1988 launched Magneto-optical discs measuring approximately 125MB for special use of archive data storage. In 1984, Sony launched the Discman series extending their Walkman brand into a portable CD product.
In the early 1990s, two high-density optical storage standards were being developed: the first was the MultiMedia Compact Disc (MMCD), powered by Philips and Sony, and the other a Super Density (SD) disk, powered by Toshiba and many others. Philips and Sony abandoned their MMCD format and approved the Toshiba SD format with just one modification. The integrated disk format is called DVD and was introduced in 1997.
Sony is one of the leading developers of the Blu-ray Disc optical disc format, the latest standard for disk-based content delivery. The first Blu-ray players became commercially available in 2006. This format emerged as the standard for HD media over competing formats, Toshiba HD DVDs, after the battle of the high definition optical disc format for two years.
Disk storage
In 1983, Sony introduced a 90 mm micro diskette (better known as a 3.5-inch floppy disk), which was developed when there were 4 "floppy disks, and many variations of different companies, to replace the 5.25" floppy disk ongoing. Sony is very successful and its format becomes dominant. 3.5 "floppy disks gradually become obsolete as they are replaced by the current media format.
Flash memory
Sony was launched in 1998, their Memory Stick format, flash memory card for use in Sony's line of digital cameras and portable music players. It has seen little support outside of Sony's own products, with Secure Digital (SD) cards that provide far greater popularity. Sony has updated the Memory Stick format with Memory Stick Duo and Memory Stick Micro.
Business unit
Sony offers products in various product lines around the world. Sony has developed a robot playing music called Rolly, a dog-shaped robot called AIBO and a humanoid robot called QRIO.
Starting April 1, 2016, Sony is set to the following business segments: Mobile Communications (MC), Game & amp; Network Services (G & amp; NS), Imaging Products & amp; Solutions (IP & amp; S), Home Entertainment & amp; Sound (HE & amp; S), Semiconductors, Components, Pictures, Music, Financial Services and All Others. Network and medical business included in G & amp; NS and IP & amp; S, respectively.
Electronics
Sony Corporation
Sony Corporation is an electronics business unit and a holding company of Sony Group. It mainly undertakes group strategic business planning, research and development (R & D), planning, designing and marketing for electronic products. Its subsidiaries such as Sony Global Manufacturing & amp; Operations Corporation (SGMO; 4 factories in Japan), Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (7 factories in Japan), Sony Storage Media and Devices Corporation, Sony Energy Devices Corporation and its subsidiaries outside Japan (Brazil, China, UK (Wales), India , Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Ireland and the United States) is responsible for manufacturing as well as engineering products (SGMO is also responsible for customer service operations). In 2012, Sony rolled most of its consumer content (including video, music and games) services into Sony Entertainment Network.
Audio
Sony produced the world's first portable music player, the Walkman in 1979. This line fosters a fundamental change in music listening habits by allowing people to bring music with them and listen to music through light headphones. The Walkman was originally called a portable audio cassette player. The company is now using the Walkman brand to market portable audio and video players as well as the ranks of former Sony Ericsson phones.
Sony uses a related brand, Discman, to refer to its CD player. It dropped this name in the late 1990s.
Computing
Sony produced computers (MSX home computers and NEWS workstations) during the 1980s. The company withdrew from the computer business around 1990. Sony re-entered the global computer market under the brand new VAIO, starting in 1996. Short for "Audio Video Integrated Operation", the line was the first computer brand to highlight the audio-visual features.
Sony faced considerable controversy when some of its laptop batteries exploded and caught fire in 2006, resulting in the biggest computer-related recall to that point in history.
In an effort to join the tablet computer market, the company launched its Android Tablet Android tablet line in 2011. Since 2012, Sony's Android products have been marketed under the brand of Xperia used for its smartphones.
On February 4, 2014, Sony announced it would sell its VAIO PC business due to poor sales and Japanese company Japan Industrial Partners (JIP) will buy the VAIO brand, with an agreement settled by the end of March 2014. Sony retains a minority stake in a new and independent company.
Photography and videography
Sony offers a variety of digital cameras. The point-and-snap model adopts the Cyber-shot name, while the single-lens digital reflex model is branded using Alpha.
The first cyber-shot was introduced in 1996. At that time, digital cameras were a relative novelty. Sony's market share of the digital camera market fell from a high of 20% to 9% in 2005.
Sony entered the market for a single lens digital reflex camera in 2006 when it acquired Konica Minolta's camera business. Sony changed the company's line of camera brands as its Alpha line. Sony is the third largest camera manufacturer in the world, behind Canon and Nikon.
There are also various Camcorders manufactured by Sony.
Video
In 1968, Sony introduced the Trinitron brand for pulse ray tube television sets and (then) computer monitors. Sony stopped Trinitron production for most markets but continued to produce sets for markets such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and China. Sony stopped the Trinitron computer monitor circuit in 2005. The company stopped the last Trinitron-based television in the US in early 2007. The end of Trinitron marked the end of Sony's analog television and monitor series.
Sony used the WEGA LCD name for LCD TVs until summer 2005. The company later introduced the name BRAVIA. BRAVIA is a home brand owned by Sony that produces high-definition LCD televisions, projection TVs and front projectors, home cinemas and a variety of BRAVIA home theater. All high definition HD flat-panel LCD televisions in North America have been carrying logos for BRAVIA since 2005. Sony is the third largest television maker in the world. In 2012, Sony's television business is not profitable for eight years.
In December 2011, Sony agreed to sell all shares in the LCD joint venture with Samsung Electronics for $ 940 million. On March 28, 2012, Sony Corporation and Sharp Corporation announced that they have agreed to amend the joint venture agreement previously exercised by the parties in July 2009, as amended in April 2011, for the formation and operation of Sharp Display Products Corporation (" SDP "), a joint venture to manufacture and sell large-sized LCD panels and modules.
On November 9, 2015, Sony announced that it would stop producing Betamax Tapes in March 2016.
Sony also sells various DVD players. It has shifted its focus in recent years to promote the Blu-ray format, including discs and players.
Semiconductors and components
Sony produces a variety of semiconductors and electronic components including image sensor (Exmor), image processor (BIONZ), laser diode, LSI system, mixed signal LSI, OLED panel, etc. The company has a strong presence in the image sensor market. Sony CMOS image sensors are widely used in digital cameras, tablet computers, and smartphones.
In April 2018, Sony announced to join the market for satellite communications and to develop laser communications products for small satellites. Sony wants to use inheritance with optical disc technology used in products such as CD players and plans to start initial tests in collaboration with JAXA by 2018.
Sony has targeted medical, healthcare and biotechnology businesses as a growth sector in the future. The company acquired iCyt Mission Technology, Inc. (renamed Sony Biotechnology Inc. in 2012), manufacture of flow cytometers, in 2010 and Micronics, Inc., a developer of microfluid-based diagnostic tools, in 2011.
In 2012, Sony announced that it will acquire all shares of So-net Entertainment Corporation, a majority shareholder of M3, Inc., portal site operator (m3.com, MR-kun, MDLinx and MEDI: GATE) for health care professionals.
On September 28, 2012, Olympus and Sony announced that the two companies will form a joint venture to develop a new surgical endoscope with a resolution of 4K (or higher) and 3D capabilities. Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc. (Sony 51%, Olympus 49%) was established on April 16, 2013.
On February 28, 2014, Sony, M3, and Illumina established a joint venture called P5, Inc. to provide genomic analysis services for research institutes and companies in Japan.
Sony Mobile Communications
Sony Mobile Communications Inc. (formerly Sony Ericsson) is a multinational cellular phone manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation.
In 2001, Sony entered into a joint venture with Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson Ericsson, forming Sony Ericsson. The initial sales were rocky, and the company posted losses in 2001 and 2002. However, SMC achieved earnings in 2003. Sony Ericsson differentiates itself with multimedia-enabled phones, including features such as cameras. This is unusual for the time being. Despite their innovation, SMC faced stiff competition from Apple's iPhone, released in 2007. From 2008 to 2010, amid a global recession, SMC cut its workforce by several thousand. Sony acquired Ericsson's shares in 2012 for more than US $ 1 billion. In 2009, SMC was the fourth largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world (after Nokia, Samsung and LG). In 2010, its market share fell to sixth position. Sony Mobile Communications is now focusing exclusively on the smartphone market under the name Xperia. In 2015, Sony released the Xperia Z5 Premium in Canada after the US and Europe.
In 2013, Sony contributed to two percent of the mobile market with 37 million mobile phones sold.
Sony Interactive Entertainment
Sony Interactive Entertainment (formerly Sony Computer Entertainment) is famous for producing popular PlayStation consoles. The line grew out of a failed partnership with Nintendo. Initially, Nintendo asked Sony to develop an add-on for its console that will play the Compact Disc. In 1991 Sony announced an add-on, as well as a special console known as "Play Station". However, disagreement over the software license for the console caused the partnership to fall. Sony then continued the project independently.
Launched in 1994, the PlayStation first gained 61% of global console sales and broke Nintendo's old lead in the market. Sony followed up with the PlayStation 2 in 2000, which was even more successful. The console has become the most successful of all time, selling over 150 million units in 2011. Sony released the PlayStation 3, a high definition console, in 2006. It is the first console to use Blu-ray format, and is much more expensive than competitors Xbox 360 and Wii due to Cell processor. Initially, poor sales performance resulted in significant losses for the company, prompting it to sell the console at a loss. The PlayStation 3 sold in general was worse than its competitors in its early years but successfully overtook the Xbox 360 in global sales in the future. It later introduced the PlayStation Move, an accessory that allows players to control the video game using motion movements.
Sony expanded its brand into the portable gaming market in 2004 with the PlayStation Portable (PSP). The console has sold fairly, but has taken second place for rival handheld, Nintendo DS. Sony developed Medium Disc optical disc media (UMD) for use on the PlayStation Portable. Originally, the format was used for movies, but has since lost major studio support. Sony released a disc-less version of its PlayStation Portable, PSP Go. The company went on to release its second portable video game system, PlayStation Vita, in 2011 and 2012. Sony launched its fourth console, PlayStation 4, on November 15, 2013, which as of December 31, 2017 has sold 73.6 million units globally.
On March 18, 2014, at GDC, Sony Computer Entertainment Worldwide Studios President Shuhei Yoshida announced a new virtual reality technology dubbed Project Morpheus, later named PlayStation VR, for PlayStation 4. The headset carries VR gaming and non-game software to entertaining company. According to a report released by Houston patent consulting firm LexInnova in May 2015, Sony leads the virtual reality patent race. According to the company's analysis of nearly 12,000 patents or patent applications, Sony has 366 virtual reality patents or patent applications. PlayStation VR released worldwide on October 13, 2016.
Vehicles and electric batteries
In 2014, Sony participated in the NRG Energy eVgo Ready for Electric Vehicle (REV) program, for EV charging the parking lot.
Sony is in the business of lithium-ion battery electric vehicles.
IT giants like Google (car without driver) and Apple (iCar/Project Titan) are working on electric vehicles and self driving cars, competing with Tesla; Sony entered this field by investing $ 842,000 in the ZMP company.
On July 28, 2016, Sony announced that the company will sell its battery business to Murata Manufacturing.
Entertainment
Sony Entertainment memiliki tiga divisi: Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, dan Sony/ATV Music Publishing.
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (SPE) is a television and film production/distribution unit of Sony. With 12.5% ​​box office market share in 2011, the company ranked third among the film studios. Group sales in 2010 were $ 7.2 billion USD. The company has produced many famous movie franchises, including Spider-Man , The Karate Kid and Men in Black . It has also resulted in the popular TV game show Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune .
Sony entered the television and film production market when it acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment in 1989 for $ 3.4 billion. Columbia lives in the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of SPE which in turn has Columbia Pictures and TriStar Pictures among other film production and distribution companies such as Screen Gems, Sony Pictures Classics, Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. The SPE television division is known as Sony Pictures Television.
During the first few years of its existence, Sony Pictures Entertainment performed poorly, causing many people to suspect the company would sell the division. Sony Pictures Entertainment suffered controversy in the early 2000s. In July 2000, a marketing executive working for Sony Corporation created a fictitious film critic, David Manning, who gave consistently good reviews for the release of a Sony Columbia Pictures subsidiary that generally received bad reviews amongst real critics. Sony then withdrew the ads, suspended the creator of Manning and his superiors and paid a fine to the state of Connecticut and for fans who saw the movie being reviewed in the US. In 2006 Sony started to use ARccOS Protection on some of their DVD movies, but then issued a recall.
Sony Music Entertainment
Sony Music Entertainment (also known as SME or Sony Music) is the second largest global recording company of the "big three" record company and is controlled by Sony Corporation of America, a US subsidiary of Japan Sony
In one of its biggest acquisitions, Sony purchased CBS Record Group in 1988 for US $ 2 billion. In the process, Sony acquired the rights to the Michael Jackson catalog, which is considered by the World Record Book of Records to be the most successful entertainer of all time. The acquisition of CBS Records provides the foundation for the establishment of Sony Music Entertainment, which Sony founded in 1991.
In 2004, Sony entered into a partnership with Bertelsmann AG, combining Sony Music Entertainment with Bertelsmann Music Group to make Sony BMG. In 2005, Sony BMG faced a copy protection scandal, as its music CDs have installed malware on users' computers posing a security risk to affected customers. In 2007, the company acquired Famous Music for US $ 370 million, acquiring rights to the Eminem and Akon catalogs, among others.
Sony bought Bertelsmann shares in the company and formed the new Sony Music Entertainment in 2008. Since then, the company has undergone a management change. In January 1988, Sony acquired CBS Records and 50% of CBS/Sony Group. In March 1988, four wholly owned subsidiaries were folded into CBS/Sony Group and the company was renamed Sony Music Entertainment Japan Sony's Sony/ATV Music Publishing
In addition to its record label, Sony operates another music business. In 1995, Sony bought a 50% stake in ATV Music Publishing, forming Sony/ATV Music Publishing. At that time, the publishing company was the second largest in the world. The company has a lot of publishing rights for The Beatles catalog. Sony purchased the Gracenote digital music recognition company for $ 260 million USD in 2008. Sony/ATV then acquired EMI Music Publishing in 2012, led by a consortium making them the largest music publishing company in the world. By 2016, Sony has all Sony/ATV.
Financial
Financial services
Sony Financial Holdings is the parent company for Sony's financial services business. The company owns and oversees the operation of Sony Life (in Japan and the Philippines), Sony Assurance, Sony Bank and Sony Bank Securities. The company is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Sony Financial accounts for half of Sony's global revenues. This unit proved to be the most profitable from Sony's business in fiscal 2006, generating a profit of $ 1.7 billion. The low cost of Sony Financial has helped the unit's popularity while threatening Sony's premium brand name.
Mobile payments
Sony wants to compete with Apple and Samsung on mobile payments in Asia. Sony plans to use unattended payment technology to make land in the public transportation industry across Asia. The system, known as FeliCa, relies on two forms of technology to make it feasible, whether the chip is embedded in a smartphone or a plastic card with a chip embedded in it. Sony plans to implement this technology in the rail system in Indonesia in early spring 2016.
Company information
Sony is kabushiki gaisha listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in Japan and the New York Stock Exchange for foreign trade. As of September 30, 2017, there were 484,812 shareholders and 1,264,649,260 shares issued. Most of these shares are owned by foreign institutions and investors.
- 10.7% (136,130,000): Japan Trustee Services Bank, Ltd. ( trust account )
- 8.7% (109,396,000): Citigroup Inc.
- 6.1% (77,467,000): JPMorgan Chase & amp; Co.
- 5.6% (71,767,000): State Street Corporation
- 5.6% (70,720,000): Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. ( trust account )
Financial
Sony is one of the largest companies in Japan by revenue. It has revenues of ¥ 6,493 trillion in 2012. It also maintains a large reserve of cash, with  ¥ 895 billion in hand in 2012. In May 2012, Sony's shares were valued at approximately $ 15 billion.
The company was very profitable throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, partly because of the success of its new PlayStation line. The company suffered financial difficulties in the mid to late 2000s due to a number of factors: the global financial crisis, increased competition for the PlayStation, and the devastating Japanese earthquake of 2011. The company faced a three-year losing streak ahead of 2011. While noting the negative effects of the state of intervention such as natural disasters and currency exchange fluctuations, the Financial Times criticized the company for its "lack of resilience" and "inability to measure the economy." The newspaper voiced skepticism about Sony's revitalization efforts, given the lack of tangible results.
In September 2000 Sony had a market capitalization of $ 100 billion; but in December 2011 it has fallen to $ 18 billion, reflecting the prospect of falling for Sony but also reflecting the highly inflated share price of the year 'dot.com'. Net worth, as measured by stockholders' equity, continued to increase from $ 17.9 billion in March 2002 to $ 35.6 billion through December 2011. Profit (opposite of price to income ratio) was never more than 5% and is usually far less; so Sony always trades in an exorbitant price range with the exception of the 2009 down market.
On December 9, 2008, Sony Corporation announced it would cut 8,000 jobs, knock 8,000 contractors and reduce its global manufacturing site by 10% to save $ 1.1 billion annually.
In April 2012, Sony announced that it would reduce its workforce by 10,000 (6% of its employee base) as part of Hirai CEO's efforts to bring the company back to black. This comes after the loss of ¥ 520 billion (about US $ 6.36 billion) for fiscal 2012, the worst since the company was founded. The accumulated losses over the past four years were 919.32 billion yen. Sony plans to increase its marketing costs by 30% by 2012. 1,000 job cuts come from the company's mobile phone workforce. 700 jobs will be cut in fiscal year 2012-2013 and the remaining 300 in the next fiscal year.
In January 2013 Sony announced the sale of a $ 1.1 billion US headquarters building to a consortium led by real estate developer The Chetrit Group.
On January 28, 2014, Moody's Investors Services downgraded Sony's credit rating to Ba1 - "judged to have speculative elements and significant credit risk" - saying that "the profitability of the company is likely to remain weak and unstable."
On February 6, 2014, Sony announced it would cut as many as 5,000 jobs as it tries to sell its PC business and focus on phones and tablets.
In 2014, Sony South Africa closed its TV, Hi-Fi and camera divisions in order to reconsider its local distribution model and, in 2017, was re-facilitated by Premium Brand Distributor (Pty) Ltd.
Environmental recordings
In November 2011, Sony was ranked 9th (along with Panasonic) at Greenpeace's Guide to Greener Electronics. This graph gives value to large electronic companies in their environmental work. The company scored 3.6/10, raising the penalty spot as its comments contradicted California's energy efficiency standards. It also risks further punishment points in upcoming editions for being a member of a trade association that comments on energy efficiency standards. Together with Philips, Sony received the highest value for energy policy advocacy after calling on the EU to adopt an unconditional 30% reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. Meanwhile, it received full value for its product efficiency. In 2007, Sony was ranked 14th in the Greenpeace guide. Sony fell from the previous 11th place ranking because of Greenpeace's claim that Sony has a double standard in their waste policy.
In May 2018, Greenpeace's Guide 2017 for Greener Electronics rated Sony roughly halfway between electronics manufacturers with grade D.
Since 1976, Sony has held an Environmental Conference. Sony's policy overcomes its impact on global warming, the environment, and resources. They are taking steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases they emit and manage the products they get from their suppliers in a process they call "green procurement". Sony said they have signed to own about 75 percent of their Sony Buildings that use geothermal power. "Sony Take Back Recycling Program" allows consumers to recycle the electronics they buy from Sony by bringing them to drop-off eCycle points around the US The company has also developed a biobattery that runs on sugars and carbohydrates that work similarly with the way living things work. This is the most powerful small biobitery to date.
In 2000, Sony faced criticism over a document titled "NGO Strategy" leaked to the press. The document involves monitoring companies against environmental activists in an effort to plan how to deal with their movements. Specifically mentioned environmental groups that try to pass laws by electronics-producing companies are responsible for cleaning up toxic chemicals contained in their merchandise.
Community engagement
EYE SEE project
Sony Corporation is actively involved in the EEE SEE project undertaken by UNICEF. EYE VIEW digital photography workshop has been run for children in Argentina, Tunisia, Mali, South Africa, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Rwanda, Liberia and Pakistan.
South Africa Cellular Library Project
Sony is helping the South African Basic Education Support Initiative (SAPESI) through financial donations and children's book donations to South Africa's Mobile Library Project.
Sony Canada Charity Foundation
The Sony Canada Charitable Foundation (SCCF) is a non-profit organization that supports three key charities; Make-A-Wish Canada, United Way of Canada and EarthDay and ECOKIDS programs.
Sony Foundation and You Can
After the Queensland flood of 2011 and wildfires in Victoria, Sony Music released useful albums with money raised to go to the Sony Foundation. You Can is a teenage cancer program from the Sony Foundation.
Open Planet Ideas Crowdsourcing Project
Sony launched Project Crowdsourcing Open Planet Ideas, partnering with the World Wildlife Fund and design group, IDEO.
Street Football Stadium Project
On the occasion of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, Sony partnered with streetfootballworld and launched the Street Football Stadium Project to support soccer-based educational programs in local communities across Latin America and Brazil. More than 25 Street Stadiums were developed from the beginning of the project.
See also
- List of Japanese companies
- List of Sony subsidiaries
References
Further reading
- Japanese made by Akio Morita and Sony, HarperCollins (1994)
- Sony: The Private Life by John Nathan, Houghton Mifflin (1999)
- Sony Radio, Sony Transistor Radio 35th Anniversary 1955-1990 - information book (1990)
- Portable Radio in American Life by University of Arizona Professor Michael Brian Schiffer, PhD (The University of Arizona Press, 1991).
- Japanese Project: Made in Japan - a documentary about Sony's early history in the US by Terry Sanders.
External links
- https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/Museum/Sony Archive Museum, Shinagawa, Tokyo.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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