A battery storage power station is a form of storage power station, which uses electrochemically battery for energy storage. Unlike public storage power stations, such as up to 1,000 MW of pumped storage power plants, the benefits of battery power plants move in the range of several kW to the MW range - by 2017, the largest installed systems have 300 MWh storage capacity. Battery storage power plants, like all power generation plants, primarily serve to cover peak loads and in tissues with insufficient control and grid stabilization. Small banks of rechargeable batteries with multiple kWh of storage capacity, mostly in private sector operated along with wind turbines or similar-sized photovoltaic systems into daylight bring income surplus in producing poor or unproductive hours at night or at night, and to strengthen their own consumption. Sometimes a battery storage power plant is built with a flywheel storage power system to conserve battery power. The styling wheel can handle faster fluctuations better.
Video Battery storage power station
Construction
Structural battery power generation and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) are comparable, although the former is larger. Batteries are stored for security in their own warehouse or container. Like UPS, the problem is electrochemical energy is stored or transmitted in the form of direct current DC, while the power grid is usually operated with AC voltage alternating current. For this reason, an additional inverter is required to connect a battery storage power plant to a high voltage network. This type of power electronics includes a GTO thyristor, commonly used in high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC). Various accumulator systems can be used depending on power-to-energy ratio, expected life time and, of course, cost. In the 1980s, lead-acid batteries were used for first-generation battery power generation. Over the next few decades, nickel-cadmium and sodium-sulfur batteries are increasingly being used. Since 2010, more and more utility-scale battery storage plants rely on lithium-ion batteries thanks to the rapid decline in the cost of this technology, driven by the electric automotive industry. This is the case of Schwerin Park batteries, storage batteries in Dresden or BYD storage in Hong Kong. Lithium-ion batteries are mainly used, some redox flow systems have emerged and lead-acid batteries are still used in small budget applications. There are many large battery storage suppliers.
Maps Battery storage power station
Operation Characteristics
Because they do not require mechanical movement, battery power generation allows a very short control time and start time, in the range of some 10 seconds of ms at full load. Thanks to the reactivity, they can shave peak power in minute range, but they can also dampen the fast oscillation (seconds) that arise when the power grid is operated near its maximum capacity. This instability consists in voltage fluctuations with periods of up to 10 seconds and can soar in the worst case to high amplitude, which can cause regional blackouts. A battery power plant with the right dimensions can efficiently counteract this oscillation. Therefore, applications are found primarily in areas where electric power systems operate at full capacity, causing risks in network stability. Large storage plants (Na-S) can also be used in combination with (Na-S) intermittent renewable energy sources in independent micro-grid hybrids.
Some systems, operating at high temperatures (Na-S) or using corrosive components may fail even when not in use (calendar calendar). Other technologies suffer damage caused by the charge-discharge cycle (aging cycle), especially at high fill rates. Both of these types of aging cause loss of performance (capacity or voltage drop), overheating and can eventually lead to critical failure (electrolyte leakage, fire, explosion). To prevent loss of performance due to aging, some batteries may undergo maintenance operations. For example, an unsealed lead-acid battery produces hydrogen and oxygen from a dilute electrolyte when charged excessively. Water must be recharged regularly to avoid damage to the battery and the burning gas must be removed to avoid the risk of explosion. However, these treatments have the latest charge and batteries, such as the Li-Ion, designed to have a long lifetime without care. Therefore, most systems today consist of securely sealed battery packs that are electronically monitored and replaced after their performance falls below the specified threshold.
Installation example
Some of the largest battery storage power plants are exemplified below.
Chino Battery Storage Project
Operated from 1988 to 1997 by Southern California Edison in the California city of Chino, battery storage power plants are primarily used for tissue stabilization and can be used by frequent power outages in the region as static var comparators and black start from bootable non-black power plants. The plant has a peak power of 14 MW, which, however, is too little for effective stabilization on the net from Southern California Edison, and a 40 MWh storage capacity. The system consists of 8,256 lead-acid batteries in eight strands, which are divided into two chambers.
GoldenAValley_Electric_.E2.80.93_Fairbanks "> Golden Valley Electric - Fairbanks
One of the largest and located with the 2010 operating system Stands is operated by Golden Valley Electric in Fairbanks. The power grid in Alaska is operated due to long distances as a stand-alone grid without a direct connection to North American neighboring interconnections within the North American Corporation of Electric Reliability. A battery storage power plant with a maximum capacity of 27 MW is used to stabilize the grid, including high peak and reactive power compensation. The plant was operated in 2003 and consists of 13,760 nickel-cadmium batteries in four pieces. The NiCd cell is manufactured by Saft Groupe S.A., inverter by ABB Group.
BYD in Hongkong
Chinese Company BYD operates a battery bank with a capacity of 40 MWh and a maximum power of 20 MW in Hong Kong. Large storage is used to withstand loads in energy demand. Similarly, storage can contribute to the stabilization of frequencies on the internet. This battery consists of a total of nearly 60,000 individual lithium iron phosphate cells, each with a capacity of 230 amp hours. The project starts in October 2013, and starts online in June 2014. The actual storage installation lasts for three months. The use of price differences between charging and discharging by day and night electricity, avoided network expansions for peak loads and revenues for network services such as Frequency stabilization allows economic operations without subsidies. Currently 3 locations for peak power of 1,000 MW to 200 MWh capacity power generation capacity for inspection.
Schwerin battery power generator
In Schwerin, the German WEMAG power supplier operates a lithium-ion battery storage to offset short-term power fluctuations. The battery power storage power supplier is the Berlin Younicos company. South Korean company Samsung SDI supplies lithium-ion cells. Memory has a capacity of 5 MWh and a 5 MW output in September 2014 operates. The lithium-ion battery storage consists of 25,600 lithium manganese cells and about five medium voltage transformers with both regional distributions connected as well with a 380 kV high voltage network.
Photovoltaic and hybrid power plants
Alt Daber's existing photovoltaic power plant near Wittstock in Brandenburg, Germany receives 2 MWh battery storage. A special feature is that this is a turnkey solution that is provided and installed in containers, for use directly on the site without major construction work. Storage using lead-acid batteries.
Hybrid Braderup battery power plant
Since July 2014, energy storage company Nord GmbH & amp; Co KG has operated the largest hybrid battery in Europe in Braderup (Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). This system consists of storage of lithium-ion battery (2 MW power 2 MWh storage) and storage of vanadium flow battery (330 kW power, 1 MWh storage capacity). The lithium-ion module used is from Sony, a flow battery made by Vanadis Power GmbH.
The storage system is connected to the local community wind farm (18 MW installed capacity). Depending on the wind strength and charging status of each battery, the system developed by Bosch distributes the energy generated by the wind turbine to the proper battery. Bosch is also responsible for project implementation and system integration. The hybrid battery is connected to a grid with ten kilometers of underground cable. In the case of network congestion, the battery sustains energy from the wind farm and feeds it back to the network in a timely manner later. With this method, the shutdown of wind turbines can be avoided during times of network congestion so that wind energy is not wasted.
Dresden battery storage
Stadtwerke Dresden, Germany (Drewag) has taken battery storage with a peak power of 2 MW online on March 17, 2015. The cost of 2.7 million euros. lithium polymer batteries in use. Batteries including control systems are deployed in two 13 m long containers and can store a total of 2.7 MWh. This system is designed to offset the nearest solar power plant.
Feldheim battery storage
At Feldheim in Brandenburg, Germany, battery storage with a capacity of 10 MW and 6.5 MWh storage capacity is operated in September, 2015. The project cost 12.8 million euros. Storage provides energy for the power grid to offset the fluctuations caused by wind and solar power plants. This store is operated by Energiequelle company.
Evonik battery storage
Evonik plans to build six battery power plants with a capacity of 15 MW to operate in 2016 and 2017. They will be in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany at the Herne power plant, LÃÆ'¼nen and Duisburg-Walsum and at Bexbach, Fenne and Weiher in Saarland.
Grand Ridge Power Station in Illinois and Beech Ridge, West Virginia, USA
The largest grid storage battery in the United States includes a 31.5 MW battery at the Grand Ridge Power plant in Illinois and a 31.5 MW battery in Beech Ridge, West Virginia. Both use lithium ion batteries.
400 MWh Southern California Edison project
Under construction in 2015 is a Southern California Edison 400 MWh project (100 MW for 4 hours). Developed by AES Energy, this is a lithium-ion battery system. Southern California Edison finds a price for battery storage that is comparable to other electrical generators.
52 MWh project in Kauai, Hawaii
In 2017, Tesla built a 52 MWh project in Kauai, Hawaii for a time completely shifting the solar power output of 13 MW into the night. The goal is to reduce dependence on fossil fuels on the island.
250 MWh Indonesia
Currently (2/2016) is building 250 MWh battery storage in Indonesia. There are about 500 villages in Indonesia that must be supplied, so far they depend on oil supply. In the past prices were very fluctuating and frequent power outages. Now electricity will be generated through wind and solar power.
Notrees, Texas, 36 MW Battery Storage
One battery is in Notrees, Texas (36 MW for 40 minutes using lead-acid batteries).
Battery storage with 13 MWh in Germany with outdated batteries
The 13 MWh battery made of battered batteries from an electric car is being built in Germany, with the hope of a second life of 10 years, after which they will be recycled.
53 MWh in Ontario
In Ontario, Canada, battery storage with a capacity of 53 MWh and 13 MW of power is set at the end of 2016. Swiss battery manufacturer, LeclanchÃÆ'Â mem supplies batteries now. Deltro Energy Inc. will plan and build the factory. Orders placed by IESO network operators. Energy storage is used to provide fast grid services, especially for voltage and reactive power controls. In Ontario and the surrounding area there are many wind and solar power plants, where the power supply varies greatly.
Storage in southern England with special control
In southern England the battery storage capacity of 0.6 MWh and 0.3 MW of power is installed for demonstration purposes, consisting of 1400 lithium cells mounted in containers, with special features being the storage control. Whereas normally battery storage uses only the revenue model, the provision of control energy, which is a very small market, this storage uses three revenue models. Storage has been installed next to the solar system. In this way the solar system can be designed larger than the actual network strength allows in the first income model. Storage receives the peak input from the solar system, thus avoiding further expansion of network costs. The second model lets take the peak input from the power grid and feed back to stabilize the grid when needed. The third model is storing energy and putting it into the grid at the peak price. The store received an award for top innovation.
South Korea
Since January 2016 in South Korea, three battery power plants operate. There are two new systems, 24 MW system with 9 MWh and 16 MW system with 6 MWh. Both use batteries based on lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide and supplements a few months older systems with 16MW and 5MWh whose batteries are based on lithium titanate oxide. Together the system has a capacity of 56 MW and serves the South Korean company, Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) for frequency setting. Storage comes from Kokam company. Once completed in 2017, the system must have a power of 500 MW. Three installed storage reduces annual fuel costs by an estimated 13 million US dollars, as well as cuts greenhouse gas emissions. Thus the stored fuel costs will exceed the cost of battery storage significantly.
Storage for Aboriginal communities in Australia
The existing system within the Australian Aboriginal community consisting of a combination of photovoltaic systems and diesel generators will be extended by lithium-ion batteries to a hybrid system. The battery has a capacity of about 2 MWh and a power of 0.8 MW. Batteries store excess solar power and take over previous network-building functions such as network management and diesel generator network stabilization. Thus, diesel generators can be turned off during the day, leading to cost reductions. In addition, the share of renewable energy goes up in hybrid systems significantly. This system is part of a plan to transform indigenous energy systems in Australia. Storage
for the Azores Graciosa island
On the Azores Graciosa island, 3.2 MWh storage is installed. Together with a 1 MW photovoltaic power plant and a 4.5 MW wind farm, the island is virtually completely independent of diesel generators previously used. Old power plants only serve as a backup system if electricity from solar and wind power plants can not be generated for longer due to bad weather. The sharp drop in expensive solar imports means electricity is cheaper than ever. The resulting profits will be divided into half between the investors of the new factory and the end user. More Azores islands to follow. Storage
80 MWh in California
Tesla installed grid storage facilities for Southern California Edison with a capacity of 80 MWh at 20 MW power between September 2016 and December 2016. This means that the storage unit (1/2017) is currently one of the largest battery packs in the market. Tesla installed 400 Powerpack-2 modules at the Mira Loma transformer station in California. Capacity serves to store energy at low network loads and then to give this energy back to the network at peak load. Prior to this, gas-fired power plants were used. Storage
300 MWh in Japan
Mitsubishi installed storage facilities in Buzen, Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan with a capacity of 300 MWh and 50 MW power. Storage is used to stabilize the network to offset the fluctuations caused by renewable energy. Accumulators are in the range of power pumped power plants. Battery installed in 252 containers. The factory occupies an area of ​​14,000 square meters.
129 MWh storage in Australia
Tesla, Inc. built Hornsdale Power Reserve adjacent to the Hornsdale wind farm. In December 2017 was promoted as the largest lithium-ion battery in the world. It has two parts; 70 MW runs for 10 minutes, and 30 MW with 3 hours capacity. Cell size of 21700 Samsung is used.
It is operated by Tesla and provides a total of 129 megawatt-hours (460 GJ) of disposable storage at 100 megawatts (130,000 hp) to the power grid. This system helps prevent blackout outages and provides stability to the network (network service) while other generators can start if there is a sudden drop in wind or other network problems. Built in less than 100 days starting September 29, 2017, when a network connection agreement was signed with ElectraNet, and several units operated. The battery construction is complete and testing begins on November 25, 2017. It's connected to the network on December 1, 2017. For two days in January 2018 where South Australia was hit by a surge in prices, the battery made its owner estimated 1M AUD as they sold power from battery to grid at a price about 14k AUD/MWh.
The largest grid battery
Market development
In the US, the market for storage power generation by 2015 increased by 243 percent compared to 2014. By 2016, national grid operators National Grid posted independent of the 200 MW power control technology to improve system stability. In this case, only a battery storage power plant wins the auction.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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