Elbert Leander "Burt" Rutan (born June 17, 1943) is a retired American aerospace engineer renowned for his originality in designing light, strong, unusual, and energy-efficient aircraft. He designed the record-breaking Voyager, which in 1986 was the first aircraft to fly around the world without stopping or refueling, and the SpaceShipOne sub-orbital spacecraft, which won the Ansari X-Prize in 2004 for being a private spacecraft first funded to enter the space area twice in a two-week period. With its VariEze and Long-EZ designs, Rutan is responsible for helping popularize canard configurations and the use of non-molded composite construction in the home-based aircraft industry.
He has designed 46 aircraft throughout his career, became a recipient of the Collier Trophy on two separate occasions, receiving six honorary doctorates, and has won over 100 different awards for aerospace design and development. Rutan has five aircraft exhibited at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., USA: SpaceShipOne, Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, Voyager, Quickie, and VariEze.
Video Burt Rutan
Life and career
Born in 1943 in Estacada, Oregon, 30 miles southeast of Portland, and raised in Dinuba, California, Burt Rutan showed early interest in aircraft design. By the time he was eight he was designing and making model airplanes. His first solo flight on an aircraft was at Aeronca Champ in 1959. In 1965, he graduated third in his class from California Polytechnic University (Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo) with a BS in aeronautical engineering.
From 1965 to 1972 Rutan was a civil aviation aviation test engineer for the US Air Force at Edwards Air Force Base, which worked on nine separate projects including VTOL LTV XC-142 transport and spin tests from the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom fighter. He went on to become the Director of Development of the BD-5 aircraft for Bede Aircraft in Newton, Kansas, a position he held until 1974.
In June 1974, Rutan returned to California to establish the Rutan Plane Factory. In this business he designs and develops prototypes for several aircraft, most of which are intended for amateur builders. His first design, which was executed while he was at Bede, was VariViggen, the only driving machine of the canard configuration. Canards will be a feature of many Rutan designs, especially the very popular VariEze and Long-EZ.
In April 1982, Rutan founded Scaled Composites, LLC, which has become one of the world's leading design and prototype aircraft facilities. The scaled composite is headquartered in Mojave, California, at Mojave Air & amp; Space Port. That same year, Beechcraft contracted Rutan Scaled Composites to perfect the design and build the Beechcraft Starship prototype.
In 1995 Rutan was inducted into the National Flight Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio, in 2004 she was listed as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World, and in 2005 she received The NAS Award in Aeronautical Engineering from the National Academy of Sciences.
In a 2010 interview, Rutan articulated his motivation to develop a suborbital technology project with SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo. He developed the suborbital spaceflight technology because in this case "we can achieve some breakthroughs," making such a flight "the order of magnitude safer and folding more affordable.I am taking this step because I think achieving something that has never existed in manned spaceflight - and that is high volume and public access - I think it's important to do that and do it as soon as possible. "
Rutan was married to Tonya Rutan. He retired from Scaled Composites in April 2011. In the same year, he was recognized as Living Legend of Aviation, receiving Bob Hoover Freedom of Flight Award. In 2012, Rutan talks about "Innovation and Space Race" to the World Affairs Council, as noted in C-Span. The Flying Magazine ranked him at number 18 on their 2013 list, "51 Heroes of Aviation". Rutan is also the recipient of the prestigious Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy in 2015.
Maps Burt Rutan
Airplane design
In the 45 years of careers, each of the Rutan designs is often very different from their predecessors. "Airplanes and spacecraft take on all sorts of slim forms and sizes, looking more like a sculptor than an engineer.Overall, Rutan has emerged with 367 individual concepts - where 45 people have flown."
Homebuilts
VariViggen than VariViggen SP
In 1968, he began building his first design, VariViggen, which first flew in April 1972. It features rear wing configuration, forward canard, and pusher designs that characterize it. Instead of wind tunnel testing, Rutan developed the aerodynamic parameters for VariViggen using a model mounted on top of his station wagon, and measuring strength while driving on an empty road.
VariViggen is a model of Rutan 27. A new set of outer wings, with winglets, then developed by Rutan for VariViggen, produces VariViggen SP, Rutan model 32. VariViggen is named in honor of Saab 37 Viggen, a configurable fighter jet canard developed in Sweden. One VariViggen, built in France and named Micro Star, is powered by two Microturbo TRS-18 jet engines instead of the usual piston engines.
VariEze dan Long-EZ
The design of VariViggen leads to the successful VariEze Rutan (pronounced "very easy") design of homebuilt experimental aircraft, where it pioneered the use of non-glass reinforced plastic construction in homebuilts. The prototype made its public debut at the 1975 EAA Convention and Fly-In (now called AirVenture) in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. In the same year, his brother Dick Rutan set a world record in the class below 50000 kg (1100 pounds) at VariEze, and the plane went on to set another world record in this class. They are also the first aircraft to fly with the wings developed by NASA. Long-EZ has a range of 2,010 miles (3,230 km), more than double than VariEze.
The rutan then revised the VariEze design, providing more volume for fuel and cargo, resulting in the Model 61 Long-EZ Detector, designed to be powered by Lycoming O-235, although some have used Lycoming O-320s or Lycoming O-360s. Long-EZ also has a revised rear wing design that is not subject to 2.5 g positive, 1.5 g negative, the maximum load factor limit applied to VariEze after the discovery of problems with VariEze wings.
Quickie
Rutan was approached by Gene Sheehan and Tom Jewett to develop a one-seat private exercise aircraft. After the initial canard project (model 49), the tandem wing configuration was finally designed, to be powered by an 18 hp industrial Onan engine. The prototype (model Rutan 54) was built in 1977 and listed as N77Q. After 5 months of testing, Quickie Aircraft marketed the aircraft as the Rutan Model 54 Quickie in 1978.
Two Quickie derivatives were then developed, both of which expanded to include two seats. Quickie Aircraft has Gary LaGare developing Q2, while Viking Aircraft develops Viking Dragonfly.
Solitaire
The Homebuilders Association (Now Experimental Experimental Association) opened the competition for a self-launched sailing ship. Rutan designed 77 Solitaire models for this competition, which he won. The plane was canard-configured, with a machine that could be pulled forward from the cockpit.
Aircraft research
ARES Also called Mudfighter, ARES is a flying prototype and full-size shooting of light low-cost aircraft with similar ground attacks, a ground support role as A-10.
Grizzly
Rutan designed the model 72 Grizzly to investigate the possibility of STOL canard aircraft. It's retired after testing.
Lotus Microlight
Rutan was approached by Colin Chapman, founder of Lotus Racing, to design a one-seat ultralight aircraft. Again, a canard configuration was developed, a model of Rutan 91. Colin Chapman's death brought the project to an end, after the aircraft.
Ames AD-1
In 1980, NASA issued a contract to Ames Industrial Company of Bohemia, New York to develop a low-cost small aircraft to investigate Robert T. Jones (a NASA researcher at NASA's Ames Research Center) wing concept. Ames turned to Rutan, who designed a small fiberglass plane, powered by two Microturbo TRS-18 jet engines. This is a model of Rutan 35, Ames AD-1. After completing the test program, the AD-1 has retired and is now on display at the Hiller Aviation Museum in San Carlos, California.
boomerang
The departure from the canard design is the Boomerang Rutan, probably one of the most unusual non-conventional aircraft. The aircraft, the Boomerang 202 model, is an asymmetrical twin-engine tractor configuration plane with one engine in the plane and the other mounted on a pod. A Popular Mechanics feature article in November 1996 said it "looks more like a trimotor losing its boom and right engine".
BiPod
Rutan's latest design, BiPod, is a hybrid flying car. Announced in July 2011, the twin-pod vehicle has a wingspan of 31 feet 10 inches; with the wings configured (stored between pods), the car has a width of 7 feet 11 inches and fit in the garage of one car. The design has two 450 cc four-revolution engines, one on each pod, which drives a pair of generators which in turn turn on the electric motors used for propulsion. "Lithium-ion batteries in the nose of each pod will provide power during takeoff and emergency reserve for landing.With a cruising speed of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), Scaled Composites says the BiPod 367 will have a range of 760 miles (1,220 km). "The aircraft can fly at speeds of 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) that reduce the range to 530 miles (850 km). "On the highway, this explorable plane, carrying 18 gallons of US (68 liters, fuel) of fuel, is estimated to have a driving distance of 820 miles.He has a claimed electric range of only 35 miles." The flight controls are on the right pod, control the road (steering wheel and brake) on the left.
Airplane performance
Amsoil Racer
The Rutan's 68 Amsoil Racer Force model is a Quickie (1981) configuration plane race.
traveling
Rutan is approached by his brother Dick about designing a plane that can fly nonstop, not wasted around the world, something that has never been done before. The world-wide flight has been conducted by a military crew using in-flight refueling.
Burt developed a twin-engine design (piston engine, one pusher and one tractor) canard, a model of the Rutan 76 Voyager. The thruster ran continuously, the tractor engine used for take-off and the initial ascent to the altitude, then turned off.
The aircraft was first flown with two Lycoming O-235 engines. After the development work, it returned with Continental O-200 (modified to include liquid cooling) as a propulsion engine and Continental O-240 as a tractor engine.
As a proven flight, Dick and his partner Jeana Yeager set a record of endurance flights off the coast of California. In December 1986, they departed from Edwards Air Force Base in California and flew around the world (west) in nine days, fulfilling the aircraft design goals. Voyager has retired and is now hanging at the Milestones of Flight exhibition in the main exhibit hall of the National Air and Space Museum (NASM), with Wright Flyer , Spirit St. Louis and Bell X-1.
Burt and Dick Rutan, along with Yeager, received the Presidential Medal of Ronald Reagan and the Collier Trophy for their efforts as a Voyager team.
Catbird
Wanting a new private plane, Rutan designed a single-seat five-seat aircraft, the Model 81 Catbird. The aircraft is configured as a three-surface aircraft (canard, main wing, and tail). After serving as Rutan's private plane, it is retired. Catbird is best known for winning the efficiency prize of the CAFE Challenge aircraft in 1993.
Pond Racer
Concerned about the reduced number of World War II planes, with many consumed by being used as Unlimited Class riders at Reno Air Races, Bob Pond was contracted by Scaled to design Unlimited Class drivers. The result is Pond Racer. After design studies, a conventionally configured, twin-engined layout is selected. The aircraft is powered by two GTP Elektromotive-Nissan VG-30 3-liter piston engines running on methanol. The aircraft was built and tested before it was delivered to the customer. It appeared in Reno Air Races in 1991, 1992 and 1993. The aircraft was destroyed in a forced landing accident on September 14, 1993, killing Rick Brickert's pilot.
Proteus
The Model 281 Proteus is a high-pressure tandem wing aircraft designed by Rutan to investigate the use of aircraft as a high-altitude telecommunication relay. Aircraft requirements are designed by Angel Technologies and Broadband.com. His first flight was in 1998. It has some altitude records, set in 2000.
GlobalFlyer
On March 3, 2005, Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, a plane similar to the Voyager design, but built by the new company Rutan, Scaled Composites, with a harder material and a single jet engine, completes its first nonstop solo flight, without fuel around the world with adventurer Steve Fossett as a pilot. Reducing weight is very important for design, and Rutan is quoted as telling his staff that when they finish building parts, they should throw it in the air for a heavy test, and "If it goes down, it's too heavy". Between February 7, 2006 - February 11, 2006, Fossett and GlobalFlyer recorded the longest flight record in history: 41,467.53Ã, km (25,766,73Ã, mi), an absolute third world record set by this aircraft before being flown to NASM Steven F. Udvar- Hazy Center. The Global Flyer is the sixth aerospace vehicle designed by Rutan in the NASM collection.
Contracted aircraft
Victory
The Scaled Composites Triumph is a dual-engine jet prototype designed and manufactured for Beechcraft. The aircraft are three lifting surface designs, with both small front wings, and conventional small horizontal stabilizers in a T-tail configuration.
Visionary Vantage
VisionAire VA-10 Vantage is a single-engine business jet prototype (or "very light jet", also known as VLJ) developed by VisionAire Jets Corporation. In 1996 Rutan designed the first prototype, a proof-of-concept aircraft intended to confirm design handling, which resulted in several problems and a redesign of the aircraft in 1998.
V-Jet II
Williams V-Jet II is a VLJ designed and built as test bed and demonstrator aircraft for the new FJX-1 Williams International turbofan engine. It serves as the design inspiration for the Eclipse 500.
Adam M-309
Adam M-309 CarbonAero is a six-seat civilian aircraft technology demonstrator designed by Rutan and built by Scaled Composites. It evolved into the A500, produced by Adam Aircraft Industries.
Space Shuttle Design
SpaceShipOne
Rutan made headlines again in June 2004 with SpaceShipOne, which became the first private aircraft built, flown and funded to reach space. The project, named "Tier One" (later known as Tier 1b), was developed and flown by Mojave Aerospace Ventures, a joint venture between Rutan's Scaled Composites and Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. On October 4, SpaceShipOne won the Ansari X Prize, completing two flights within two weeks, flying with a weight equivalent to 3 people, and doing so while reusing at least 80% of vehicle hardware. The project team was awarded with the Collier Trophy 2004, awarded by the National Aeronautic Association for "the greatest achievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America." This craft embodies Rutan's unique style, and is one of the "flight icons" featured in the NASM Show Flight Aviation Show .
Proyek SpaceShipTwo
Virgin Galactic - a subsidiary of Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Group company and investor, and parent company Branson and spacecraft manufacturing company 2005 Release The Spaceship Company - announced that it will embark on a space tourism flight in 2008 using crafts based on the SpaceShipOne design. Dubbed SpaceShipTwo, this new craft, also designed by Rutan, is intended to allow six passengers an "optimized experience" to see planets from 70-80 miles in suborbital spaces. The first production of five planned SpaceShipTwo planes has started, but commercial flights did not start in 2008 as planned. The explosion at the Scaled Composite plant at Mojave Spaceport on July 26, 2007, which killed three engineers and injured three others, may have caused the delay. They tested the components for SpaceShipTwo, but in August 2007 Scaled Composites remained dedicated to perfecting the SpaceShipTwo design. Virgin continues to work on developing SpaceShipTwo, but has stopped predicting when a commercial spacepjet will begin. A further SpaceshipTwo accident on October 31, 2014 (VSS Enterprise tail number: N339SS) resulted in the death of copilot Michael Alsbury and injury to the pilot.
Rutan also worked with t/Space in the mid-2000s on the development of a launch aircraft, two-stage-to-orbit, manned spacecraft. It was meant to have the capacity of a taxi to transport passengers to the International Space Station. In June 2005, the air drop test of quarter quarter mockups verified the practicality of air release and rotation to vertical.
White Knight Two
On July 28, 2008, Richard Branson launched Scaled Composites White Knight Two "Eve," in Mojave Spaceport. This jet powered cargo aircraft is based on a successful parent SpaceShipOne, White Knight, which itself is based on Proteus. Flight tests are set to begin in September 2008. White Knight Two's launch customers are Virgin Galactic, which will have the first 2 units, and exclusive rights to craft for the first few years. In 2008, Branson predicted that the first space voyage would take place in 18 months: "This represents... an opportunity for future astronaut groups and other emerging scientists to see our world in an entirely new light." Virgin Galactic contracted Rutan to build mains and spacecraft.
anthropogenic climate change skepticism
On July 29, 2009, Rutan pulled full house for his presentation at the 2009 AirVenture EAA Conference Air Experimental Conference entitled "Non-Aerospace Research Quests of a Designer/Flight Test Engineer", where he discussed his thoughts on his hobbies about the warming world. He then updated and expanded his Oshkosh presentation in 2010 and 2011.
Recognizing in his presentation that he is not a climate scientist, Rutan also recognizes his biases in supporting technology and opposes "government expansion":
I put myself in a group (Those who fear expansion of Government control), and do not hide the fact that I have a clear bias about anthropogenic global warming (AGW). My bias is based on fears of government expansion and fraudulent observation of AGW data presentation - not based on financial or other personal benefits. I just found that the closer you look to alarmist data and presentation, the more scams you find and the less you think there is an AGW problem... For decades, as a professional experimental test engineer, I have analyzed experimental data and watched others massaging and present the data. I became cynical; My conclusion - "if someone aggressively sells a technical product whose reward depends on complicated experimental data, he may be lying". It's true whether the product is an airplane or a Carbon Credit.
He described his interest in the topic of climate change as deriving from his "interest in technology, not hugging a tree".
Rutan also will not interview Scientific American because he claims that the magazine has "... improperly covered human-made global warming They drank Kool-Aid rather than doing research. IPCC and Al Gore. "
Retirement
On 3 November 2010, Scaled Composites announced the retirement of Rutan:
"Burt Rutan, founder of the aerospace research firm Scaled Composites in 1982, has announced his plans to retire in April 2011. He is currently Chaled's chief technical officer and, after retirement, Burt will take over the founder and emeritus chairman. worked in California's Antelope Valley for over 45 years, originally as a flying test project engineer for the Air Force and in 1974 he founded Rutan Aircraft Factory to develop experimental aircraft for homebuilders. "
"Burt is known worldwide as a legendary genius in aircraft design in the aviation world and I am very fortunate and proud to have worked on his side for the last 28 years," said President Douglas B. Shane. "We hope Burt and his wife, Tonya, are the best future for them."
On April 1, 2011, Rutan retired from Scaled Composites to her home in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. He said he was working on a more innovative design. In July 2011, it was revealed to be a hybrid flying car, Model 367 BiPod.
Working as an individual out of his home in retirement, in 2015 he began testing water and flying a new amphibious prototype aircraft, SkiGull Prison, intended to fly between Hawaii and California, sailing at 200 mph, taking off or flying landing around 400 feet on a challenging surface including rough terrain, sea, grass, snow, or regular runways, fueled by automotive or ordinary marine fuel, and has a small electric motor for power assist or emergency landing.
See also
- Hugo Junkers, German aircraft engineer and designer, was regarded as the first aerospace air body innovator, with All-metal J 1 in 1915
- Klapmeier brothers, founder of Cirrus Aircraft, inaugurated a major change in the production airframe manufacture, with SR20 all-composite in 1999
- Paul Poberezny, founder of the Experimental Airplane Association and Annual Convention of EAA & amp; Fly, design and build multiple homebuilt planes
- The Defiant Rutan, with twin & amp; 4 seats
- Black Sky: The Race For Space, a documentary about him and SpaceShip One .
References
External links
- Private website
- The Best Online Resources in Every Known Force Project
- Chrysler Design Award web page
- Online biography
- Biography of the House Committee on Science
- National Aeronautical Hall of Fame
- Burt Rutan in TED
- "The real future of space exploration" (TED2006), Monterey, CA; recorded February 2006 (duration: 20 minutes)
- SpaceShip One
- Prison speaks at the 2012 UP Experience conference, Houston, Texas; recorded October 25, 2012 (duration: 26 min)
Articles
- Designer: Burt Rutan
- Burt Rutan: Icon Building and Space Travel
- The wisdom of Burt Rutan
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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