Solid-state batteries are battery technologies that use solid electrodes and solid electrolytes instead of fluid or polymer electrolytes found in Lithium-ion or Lithium polymer batteries.
This technology is seen as an alternative Li-ion battery technology, which is believed to be nearing its full potential.
Video Solid-state battery
History
Michael Faraday was noted to have discovered solid sulfide silver electrolyte and lead (II) fluoride, which laid the foundations for solid state ions. High performance batteries are considered solid state ionic devices.
In the early 1950s, there was an effort in developing solid-state batteries. The first solid state battery, which uses silver ions to perform electrolytes, has low energy density and cell voltage, in addition to very high internal resistance.
A new class of solid state electrolytes, developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the 1990s, is then incorporated into certain thin-film lithium-ion batteries, which are considered to be solid-state batteries.
In 2013, researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder announced the development of solid-state lithium batteries, with composite solid cathodes based on iron sulfur chemistry, which promise higher energy capacity.
In 2014, researchers at Sakti3 announced solid-state lithium-ion electrolyte batteries, and claimed higher energy density for lower costs. The company was acquired by Dyson the following year.
By 2017, John Goodenough, co-inventor of Li-ion batteries, launches new solid-state batteries, using glass electrodes and alkali metal anodes composed of lithium, sodium or potassium, which is not possible with conventional batteries.
Maps Solid-state battery
Materials
Many materials have been proposed for use as solid electrolytes in solid-state batteries, including ceramics, glass, and lithium sulfide,
Use
Solid state batteries have been used in pacemakers, RFIDs and wearable devices.
Benefits
Solid-state battery technology is believed to be capable of higher energy densities, due to their tolerance to higher temperatures, avoiding the use of materials in current batteries that may be harmful or toxic.
Since most liquid electrolytes are considered flammable, solid state batteries are believed to be safer. As fewer security systems are required, a more compact battery is possible, increasing energy and power density.
The solid state battery technology is also believed to enable faster charging for electric cars. In addition, higher voltages and longer life cycles are possible with solid-state batteries.
Disadvantages
Solid-state batteries are traditionally expensive to create and record for immune to economies of scale. It is estimated that by 2012, based on current technology, the 20Ah battery cell will cost US $ 100,000, and long-distance electric cars will require 800 to 1,000 cells. Costs are recorded as factors that inhibit the adoption of solid-state batteries in certain areas, such as smartphones.
In addition, low temperature operation may be challenging and solid-state batteries have been noted for having extremely poor performance, making its use in rechargeable batteries impractical.
Meanwhile, solid-state batteries with ceramic electrolytes require high pressure to maintain contact with the electrodes. Solid-state batteries with ceramic separators can rupture from mechanical stress due to their rigidity.
Potential use in electric car
Currently, hybrid electric cars and plug-ins use a variety of battery technologies, including Li-ion, Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), Lead-acid, and Electric double-layer capacitors (or ultracapacitor), with many automakers adopting Li technology -ion ​​for their EV offerings. A number of car makers and other companies, however, are looking to develop or use solid-state batteries due to the advantages described above.
BMW
BMW has partnered with a company to develop solid-state batteries.
Dyson
Dyson, a company known for the manufacture of home appliances, announced in 2017 that it plans to launch an electric car in 2020. Two years before the announcement, Dyson bought Sakti3, a company that researches solid-state batteries.
Fisker
Fisker Automotive claims its solid-state battery technology will be ready for "automotive grade production" by 2023. The company has also filed a patent on the technology.
Honda
A Honda spokesman confirmed that the company is researching the use of solid-state batteries in electric cars.
Hyundai
Hyundai Motor Company is reportedly developing solid-state batteries and has secured a certain level of technology.
NGK
NGK, a company known as spark plugs, is developing ceramic-based solid state batteries, leveraging its expertise in ceramics.
Nissan
Nissan is developing a solid-state battery, but the company's special plans are unknown.
Toyota
Toyota announced in 2014 its solid-state battery development effort. In 2017, the company announced the deepening of a decade-long partnership with Panasonic, which will include collaboration on solid-state batteries.
Alternative
There has been an effort in researching hybrid battery technology that utilizes solid and liquid electrolytes together. One such battery was introduced in 2015. Samsung SDI and LG Chem are also reportedly developing hybrid batteries.
See also
References
Further reading
- Dudney, Nancy J.; Wes, William C,; Nanda, Jagjit (2015). Solid State Battery Handbook and Capacitor (2nd ed.). World Scientific Publishing. ISBN: 978-981-4651-89-9.
- Goodenough, "Battery and Modern Modern Society", Electrochem. Soc. Fall Interface 2016 volume 25, 3rd edition, 67-70, doi: 10.1149/2.F05163if
- Braga, M.H.; Grundish, N.S.; Murchison, A.J.; Goodenough, J.B. (2016-12-09). "An alternative strategy for safe rechargeable batteries". Energy and Environmental Sciences. doi: 10.1039/C6EE02888H . Retrieved 2017-03-15 .
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M. H. Braga; J. A. Ferreira; V. Stockhausen; J. E. Oliveirad; A. El-Azabe (2014-04-21). "New Li3ClO-based glasses with superionic properties for lithium batteries". Journal of Chemicals A (15).
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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