cold crank simulator ( CCS ) is a device used to determine the performance of low-temperature lubrication, when starting a cold engine (ie cold-cranking). Under these conditions, the only energy available to power the engine comes from the starter motor and battery, and it has been widely assumed that the system acts as a constant power viscometer. Use of this device for this purpose is standardized as ASTM D5293.
Video Cold-cranking simulator
Development test
The cold-made simulator was created by Dr. Dae Sik Kim from Esso Research and Engineering Company in 1964. The first prototype was built on the kitchen counter of his apartment with Unimat, miniature lathes/mills, to minimize and avoid proper company procedures.. He reported the results of his development work, entitled "Results from Cold Cranking Simulator and Comments" at the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting at Palmer house, Chicago on May 18, 1965. Although the device was originally named "Kimometer", he refused. to put his name on it and he named it for what it meant.
Maps Cold-cranking simulator
The purpose of this test
Cold-cranking simulators simulate the rheological process of "average engine" during cold start. The engine starter motor is replaced with a universal motor series of small cuts, a typical motor sewing machine, and a machine, with a specially designed cold cylinder and an isolated cylinder rotor with a pair of parallel flats. Oil samples are continuously shaved under varying shear rates at regular intervals, lower when flats pass through. Oil in real machines is equally shaved, high in a journal bearing, oscillating on the piston ring and low in the kitchen. Much of the development work goes into the exact size of flats to simulate the relative sliding rate distribution in the "machine average". Both the engine and the simulator are calibrated with a set of standard Newtonian crank petroleum grades with known viscosities.
When SAE and ASTM decide to use a simulator for their future standard instruments, Esso R & amp; Company E grants Cannon Instrument Co. a free exclusive license from State College, PA to avoid any conflict of interest.
Over the last four decades many marginal improvements are being made but the basic design and ideas remain. Various generations of CCS have been created over the years, with the new Cannon CCS-2100 utilizing Peltier cooling and associated chillers to operate essentially the same instrument as the original 1960s design.
In the late 1980s, Ravenfield Design, Heywood, England, redesigned the entire system from the ground up, utilizing a new system to accurately model old instruments and create new machines that offer repetitions and higher reproducibility than previous methods. The Ravenfield apparatus, named CS model is clearly smaller than the Cannon apparatus, which combines cooling, PCs, instruments, and pumping samples in a 600 mm tread.
The Society of Automotive Engineers adopts the CCS test as part of the J300 specification, and is the subject of the ASTM D5293 test method.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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