Glitter describes a variety of small, colored, reflective particles that come in various shapes. Glitter particles reflect light at different angles, causing the surface to shine or sparkle. Glitter is similar to confetti, shiny, or sequin, but a bit smaller. Since prehistoric times, glitter has been made and used as a decoration, of various materials including stones such as bronze, galena, and mica, as well as insects and glass. Modern glitter is usually produced from plastic and is rarely recycled which causes calls from scientists to plastic glitter to be banned.
Video Glitter
Glitter modern
The first production of modern plastic glitter is credited to American machinist Henry Ruschmann, who found a way to cut plastic or mylar sheets into glitter in 1934. During World War II, glittering glass became unavailable so Ruschmann found a market for used plastic soil to sparkle. He founded Meadowbrook Inventions, Inc. in Bernardsville, New Jersey, the company is still a producer of industrial glitter. Several decades later he filed a patent for mechanisms for cross-cutting films as well as other related inventions.
Currently over 20,000 types of glitter are produced in a large number of colors, sizes, and different materials. More than 10,000,000 pounds (4.500,000 kg) of glitter was purchased between 1989 and 2009 alone. Commercial glitter ranges in size of 0.002 inches (0.051 mm) to 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) sides. First, the layered flat sheet is produced by combining plastic, dye, and reflective materials such as aluminum, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, and bismuth oxychloride. The sheets are then cut into small particles of many shapes including boxes, rectangles, and hexagons.
Maps Glitter
ancient Glitter
The glittery surface has been found for use since prehistoric times in art and cosmetics. The modern English word "glitter" comes from the Middle English word gliteren, possibly with the word Old Norse glitra. However, as early as 30,000 years ago, mica flakes were used to give cave paintings a sparkling appearance. Prehistoric humans are believed to have used cosmetics, made of hematite powder, sparkling minerals.
8,000 years ago people in the United States used galena powder, a form of tin, to produce gray-sparkling paints used for jewelry objects. Galena's surface capture and mining is prevalent in the Upper Mississippi Valley area by Cahokia's indigenous people, for both regional raw trade and made into beads or other objects.
More than 6,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians produced glittering cosmetics from colorful shellfish shells and finely crushed green malachite crystal. Researchers believe Mayan temples are sometimes painted with red, green, and gray paint made from mica dust, based on infrared scans of the remains of paint still found in the structure in Guatemala today.
Before modern plastics, glass particles are used to create glittering surfaces and glitter glass is still commercially produced.
Usage
Before fabrics are made with modern glitter, sequins are stitched or woven onto a cloth to give a glittering appearance. Edible glitter is made from gum arabic and other ingredients are even used by culinary artists.
Glitter is used in cosmetics to make faces and nails look more shiny or shiny. In addition, it is used in children's arts and crafts for color and texture items. Small, brightly colored particles often stick to clothing, leather, and furniture, and can be a hassle to get rid of.
Glitter layers or coatings are often used in fishing tackle to attract attention by simulating fish scales.
Due to its unique characteristics, glitter also proves to be useful forensic evidence. Because of the tens of thousands of different commercial gliter, identical glitter particles can be powerful evidence that a suspect has been at a crime scene. Forensic scientist Edwin Jones has one of the largest glitter collections consisting of over 1000 different samples used in comparison of samples taken from the scene. Glitter particles are easily transferred by air or by touch, but attached to the body and clothing, often unnoticed by the suspect.
Glitter and Subculture
Glitter can be seen as a fashion tool used by various subcultures, as it allows for visible statements to be worn and seen on the body. This is because it has theorized to be a "flickering marker", or something that destabilizes popular notions of popular culture, identity, and society. Glitter is associated with a "fringe culture," which often uses glamor and excessive glamor such as glitter to evoke a deeper understanding between popular commercialized cultural relations and "high" culture, or "high-eyed" art.
Used by glam rockers, such as David Bowie, Gary Glitter, and Iggy Pop glitter are also used as a tool to help blur the gender line. This helps create a more extreme "Glitter Rock" - a higher version of glam rock.
Glitter is also used by nail artists and makeup artists to make statements about feminine and beauty standards. Women who use excessive makeup use glitter to help them interfere with the way people look at it by wearing it during the day, in places like work. Its sparkling glitter visibility enables users to interfere with standard ideas of beauty culture and what is considered excessive in terms of makeup use. This is because fashion is usually associated with nightlife and not professionalism.
Glitter is used for glitter bombing, which is a protest action in which activists throw glitter at people at public events. Glitter bombers are often motivated by, though not limited to, their targets against same-sex marriage. Some law officials argue the glitter bombing is technically an attack and a battery. It is possible for glitter to enter the eyes or nose and cause damage to the cornea or other soft tissues that potentially cause irritation or infections, depending on the size of glitter. Whether a prosecutor will pursue the cost depends on a number of factors .
Risk
Trisia Farrelly, an environmental anthropologist at Massey University, has called for a glitter ban made of PET and aluminum, as it is a microplastic that can break down hormonal disorders in the environment.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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