Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim (February 5, 1840 - November 24, 1916) was an American-born British inventor, best known as the creator of Maxim Gun, the first automatic portable machine gun. Maxim holds patents on various mechanical devices such as mouse traps, hair-curling hair and steam pumps, and claims to create light bulbs. He also experimented with a powerful flight but his large aircraft design never worked, but his "Captive Flying Machine" game, designed as a means to fund his research while generating public interest in aviation, was very successful.
Maxim moved from the United States to England at age 41, and remained an American citizen until he became a naturalized English subject in 1899, and received his knighthood in 1901.
Video Hiram Maxim
Biography
Birth and early life
Maxim was born in Sangerville, Maine on 5 February 1840. He became a workshop coach at the age of 14 and ten years later, taking a job in his uncle Levi Stephens's machine, in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. He then worked as an instrument maker and as a draftsman. (His first job in this arena made him often disappointed with workers when he runs his own company in the future.)
Family
His brother, Hudson Maxim, was also a military inventor, specializing in explosives. They work pretty closely together until later, when there is disagreement about the patent for smokeless powder. The patent, Hiram claims, has been issued under the name 'H. Maxim, 'and therefore, his brother was able to stake the claim because the powder was his own. Hudson is a skilled and knowledgeable man, and sells weapons in the US, while Hiram works primarily in Europe. Hudson has been successful in America, which caused the jealousy of Hiram (he complained of having a "double" himself wandering around America). This jealousy and strife caused a rift between the brothers who would last for the rest of their lives.
Hiram Maxim married his first wife, Jane Budden who was born in England, on May 11, 1867 in Boston, Massachusetts. Their children are: Hiram Percy Maxim; Florence Maxim, who married George Albert Cutter, and Adelaide Maxim, who married Eldon Joubert, Ignacy Jan Paderewski piano tuner.
Hiram Percy Maxim followed in the footsteps of his father and uncle and became a mechanical engineer and designer of weapons as well, but he was probably best known for his early amateur radio experiments and for setting up the American Radio Relay League. His discovery of "Maxim Silencer" for the suppression of voice came too late to save his father's hearing. Hiram Percy later wrote a biography of his father titled A Genius in the Family , containing about 60 anecdotes of Hiram Percy's experience with his father throughout his early life (up to about 12). Most of these short stories are entertaining; they give the reader insider (and child) insight into the person's personal and family life. A movie, based on the book of his son, was released in 1946, titled So Goes My Love , starring Don Ameche and Myrna Loy.
He married his secretary and employer, Sarah, daughter of Charles Haynes from Boston, in 1881. It is not clear whether she is legally divorced from her first wife at the moment. The marriage was registered again in Westminster, London in 1890.
A woman named Helen Leighton brought the case against Maxim, claiming that she had married her in 1878 and that "she consciously did bigami" against his current wife, Jane Budden. He further claimed that Maxim had fathered a boy named Romaine by him. The case was eventually canceled, settled under $ 1,000 (the initial amount requested was $ 25,000), and Maxim placed a public humiliation near the case caused behind him. Later, he left 4,000 pounds to Romaine Dennison, perhaps Leighton's son claimed he had become a father.
Emigration and knight
In 1881, Maxim arrived in Britain to reorganize the London office of the United States Electric Power Company. His return visit to the United States became increasingly rare and, on September 16, 1899, Maxim became the subject of British naturalization. The following year, Queen Victoria awarded a knight to her. But Victoria died on January 22, 1901, shortly before the coronation of Maxim, and so the honor was given by "Maxim's new friend and king Edward VII" at Marlborough House on February 9, 1901.
Profession
Maxim is a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor; Civil Engineer, Mechanical and Electrical Engineer; Member of the London Chamber of Commerce; Member of Royal Institution; Member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Member of the United Kingdom League; and Members of the Royal Society of Arts.
Discovery
Maxim, an old, patented bronchitis patient and manufactured larger pocket menthol and pipe inhaler, steam inhalers using pine steam, which he claims can alleviate asthma, tinnitus, fever and catarrh. After being criticized for applying his talents to shamanism, he protested that "it would seem that it is highly credible to create a killing machine, and no less than a disgrace to create a tool to prevent human suffering".
He also invents hair curlers, tools for remodeling watches, magno-electric machines, devices to prevent overturning of ships, holes and stunning machines, aircraft artillery, air torpedo pistols, coffee substitutes, and various oils, steam and gases. machine.
A large furniture factory has repeatedly burned, and Maxim was consulted on how to prevent recurrence. As a result, Maxim created the first automatic fire sprayer. It will extinguish the burned area, and it will report fire to the fire station. Maxim can not sell ideas elsewhere, but when the patent expires, the idea is used.
Maxim developed and installed the first electric lights in the New York City (Equitable Life Building) building on 120 Broadway) in the late 1870s. However, he was involved in several lengthy patent disputes with Thomas Edison for his claim to the light bulb. One of these actions is considered an incandescent lamp, to which Maxim claims that Edison is credited with a better understanding of the patent law. Maxim claimed that an employee had falsified this invention by his own name, and that Edison proved the employee's claim was wrong, knowing that the patent law would mean the invention would become public property, allowing Edison to produce the bulb without crediting Maxim as the true inventor.
Maxim gun
Maxim was reported to have said: "In 1882 I was in Vienna, where I met an American I knew in America He said: 'Hang your chemistry and electricity If you want to make a pile of money find something that will allow people these Europeans to cut each other's necks with greater facilities. ""
As a child, Maxim has been hit by a rifle retreat, and this inspires him to use the retreat force to operate the rifle automatically. Between 1883 and 1885 Maxim patented methods of gas operation, recoil and blowback. After moving to England, he settled in a large house formerly owned by Lord Thurlow in West Norwood where he developed his design for automatic weapons, using actions that would cover the breech and compress the spring, by storing the recoil energy released by shooting to prepare a gun for the next shot. He seriously runs an announcement in local press warnings that he will experiment with a pistol in his garden and that neighbors should keep their windows open to avoid the danger of broken glass.
Maxim founded a weapon company with financial support from Edward Vickers to produce his machine gun at Crayford, Kent, which later joined Nordenfeldt. Subsequently, part of the purchase of the Barrow Ship Company by Vickers Corporation in 1897, forming 'Vickers, Son & amp; The saying '. Their better development of the Maxim gun design, the Vickers machine gun, after Maxim's resignation from the council in 1911 on his 71st birthday, was the standard British machine gun for years. With arms sales led by Basil Zaharoff, the Maxim gun variant was bought and widely used by both sides during World War I.
In his later years Maxim became very deaf, because his hearing had been damaged by years of exposure to the noise of his gun.
Glyphs
Maxim's father had previously imagined a helicopter supported by two rotating rotors, but could not find a machine strong enough to build it. Hiram first made plans to make a helicopter in 1872, but when he built his first "flying machine", he chose to use the wings. Before starting the design work, he conducted a series of experiments on the aerofoil and propeller design, initially using a wind tunnel and then building a rotating arm test rig. Construction began in 1889 from a 40-foot-long (12 m) handcraft with a 110-foot (34 m) tall wing weighing 3.5 tons, powered by two lightweight 360-horsepower (270 kW) light engines that drive two 17-foot diameter (5.2 m) laminated pine blades.
Formed as a test device, the machine ran on a 1,800-foot (550 m) rail track set by Maxim for his home destination, Baldwyn's Park Mansion, Baldwyn's Park in Bexley. His initial intention was to prevent the engine from taking off with heavy cast iron wheels, but after the initial experiments, Maxim concluded that this would not be enough, so the engine was equipped with four-wheeled outriggers held by a wooden rail 13 feet (4.0 m) outside central line. In trials in 1894, the engine was lifted and prevented from riding by outriggers. During the test, all outriggers were engaged, indicating that they had developed enough lift to take off, but by doing so, it withdrew its path; tethered "flights" are canceled on time to prevent disasters. Maxim then left his job but put his experience to work in the field. He then noted that a decent flying machine would require a better power-to-weight engine, such as a gasoline-burning engine.
Flying Machine Captive
To fund his research in aviation and to draw attention to the idea of ​​aviation, Maxim designed and built the game vehicle for the Earl's Court exhibition in 1904. The journey was based on the test rig he had designed for his research, and consisted of a large, rotating frame of where cars were hanged by prisoners. As the engine rotates, the cars will be swung into the air, simulating the flight. The journey is similar to the next Circle ride ride, popular in the US by the famous roller-coaster designer Harry Traver.
Maxim was originally intended to use primitive airfoils and wings to allow motorists to control their flights, but this is prohibited as unsafe. As a result, Maxim quickly lost interest in the project, declaring a rise customized as "Just a glorious merry-go-round". Nevertheless, his company built several rides of various sizes at The Crystal Palace and various seaside resorts including Southport, New Brighton and Blackpool, all of which opened in 1904. Initially, Maxim intends to build only two, but long damage to travel Earl's Court initially forced him to build more to make the business profitable. He has plans for further variations of the trip but his disappointment with the entertainment business means that they never materialize.
Although he expressed regret about the entire project, the vehicle was highly prized in Blackpool's entertainment and travel industry still operating to this day as part of what is now the Pleasure Beach theme park. Along with the historic river caves in the same park, this is the oldest operational entertainment vehicle in Europe. The Flying Machine has a nearly unchanging difference from the original design of Maxim. The Blackpool travel name is now commonly abbreviated as "Flying Machine" or "Flying Machine", although its full name, "The Captivating Engine of Sir Hiram Maxim", is given at the entrance.
In 2001, California Disney Adventure Park opened, featuring Golden Zephyr, a modern recreation version of Traver's journey. The journey itself is much smaller than the Blackpool version, with cars swinging out at much smaller angles. However, engineers from Disney visited Blackpool to check out Maxim's trip (the only example of the two standing versions) to help design their journey.
Grahame-White, Bla © kerusuhan , and Maxim Company
In 1911, Maxim led the newly formed Grahame-White, Bla © riot, and Maxim Company, which was founded with two pilots and two hundred thousand pounds of capital. He hopes to produce a military aircraft capable of lurking or dropping a 500-pound (230 kg) bomb, but his failing health and financial difficulties with his other companies limit his ability to develop the company before his death.
Maps Hiram Maxim
Philosophy and religion
In addition to his civilian, mechanical and electrical efforts, Maxim "composed and edited" a book he called
Maxim held European missionaries in China at a low price, for the reasons described in the memo. He declared "... that is my goal, in compiling for His Excellency a memo book with explanatory notes, to put Chinese right in this matter.I want to show that we are not all fools." The album consists of 400 pages with 42 illustrations, presenting his view of The Nature of Christianity; Christianity in China; and his conclusions on subjects include Miracles, Spirituality, Faith; and biblical influence on European and American civilization. He closed his scrapbook with an appeal to the Missionaries and his thoughts on the reasons for what he described as "Propaganda Missionaries" in China.
In the view of his religion, Maxim was an atheist.
Death
Maxim died at his home in Streatham, London on November 24, 1916 at the age of 76. He was buried in West Norwood Cemetery with his wife and grandson, Lieutenant Colonel Maxim Joubert.
Books
- Artificial and Nature Flight
- Li Hung Chang memo sheet
- New System Prevents Sea Collisions
- My life. With 11 Text Illustrations and 10 Plates.
- Monte Carlo facts and errors
Patent
See also
- William Cantelo, the inventor of the earliest machine gun disappeared but whose family thought he had transformed himself as Hiram Maxim.
References
External links
- The work by Hiram Maxim at Project Gutenberg
- Works based on or about Hiram Maxim in the Internet Archive
- The Story of Two Knights: Sir Hiram Maxim
- H.Maxim and A.Liwentaal
- Royal Coaster
- Mammoth Fire Boats Designed By H. S. Maxim,. M.E. Scientific American .
- Hiram S. Maxim
- Hiram Maxim in GunsTribune
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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