Jaguar E-Type , or Jaguar XK-E for the North American market, is a British sports car manufactured by Jaguar Cars Ltd between 1961 and 1975. It's a combination of beauty, high performance , and competitive pricing sets the model as an automotive world icon. Top speed E-Type 150 mph (241 km/h), sub-7-second 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration, monocoque construction, disc brakes, rack-and-pinion steering, and independent rear and suspension front differentiating cars and spurring changes throughout the industry. The E-Type is based on Jaguar's D-Type racing car, which has won 24 Hours of Le Mans three consecutive years starting in 1955, and uses what, for the early 1960s, a new racing design principle, with a front subframe carrying the engine, front suspension and front bodywork zoomed straight into the tub tub. No ladderfame chassis, as is common at the time, is required and thus the first car weighs only 1315kg (2900lb).
At its release in March 1961 Enzo Ferrari called it "the most beautiful car ever made". In 2004, Sports Car International magazine placed E-Type at number one on their Top Sports Cars list in the 1960s. In March 2008, Jaguar E-Type was ranked first in the list of "100 most beautiful cars" in the world throughout the The Daily Telegraph . Outside of the automotive circle, the E-type received prominent placements in the series of Austin's Heathikic Diabolic , Austin Powers and the television series Mad Men .
Video Jaguar E-Type
Ikhtisar
The E-Type was originally designed and presented to the public as a rear-wheel drive grand helper in the form of a two-seat coupe (FHC or Fixed Head Coupà © Å ©) and as a two seat seats (OTS or Open Two) Seater convertible). The coupe version of the "2 2" four-seater, with an extended wheelbase, was released a few years later.
Then the model update of the E-Type was officially designated "Series 2" and "Series 3", and over time the previous car had been referred to as "Series 1." Like other handmade cars at the time, the changes took place gradually and sustainably, which has caused confusion as to what exactly the Serie 1. car is. It's more of an academic interest, because the Series 1 E-Type - and especially the Series 1 roadster often has a distant value exceeds the 2 and 3 Series models.
Some examples of transitions exist. For example, while Jaguar itself has never recognized the "1/1 Series" or "Series 1.5", over time, this sub-category has been recognized by the Jaguar Owners Club of Great Britain and other leading authorities. The "pure" 4.2-liter Series 1 was made in the 1965-1967 model (formerly Series 1 model has a smaller, 3.8-liter engine with less torque). The 4.2 liter series 1 has a serial number or VIN 1E10001 - 1E15888 (in case of a left side drive roadster), and 1E30001 - 1E34249 (in case of left hard drive, or FHC). Roadster drive left hand Series 1.5 has serial number 1E15889 - 1E18368, with hardtop version of Series 1.5 has VIN number 1E34250 - 1E35815. Series 1.5 cars made in 1968 model.
The Series 1 car, which is by far the most valuable, is basically divided into two categories: made between 1961 and 1964, which has a 3.8-liter engine and partial synchromesh transmission, and made between 1965-1967, which increases engine size and torque by about 10 %, adds a fully synchronized transmission, as well as providing a new recliner, alternator in lieu of the previous dynamo, negative electrical switching system, and other modern amenities, while maintaining the same classic Serial 1 style. Series E-Type Series 1 4.2 also replaces the 3.8 liter brake servo with a more reliable unit. "The 4.2 being the most desired version of the E-Type is renowned for its increased strength and usability while retaining the same outward appearance as the previous car."
At the end of 2014, regular production of the most expensive Jaguar E-Types was sold at auction including a 4.2-liter Series 1 roadster, with matching numbers, original paint and interior, under 80,000 native miles, and history was in the original family of buyers for 45 years (this car sells for $ 467,000 in 2013) and the 1961 "flat floor" Series 1, sells for $ 528,000 in 2014. Special racing lights move much more silent. For example, the Type E 1963 Lightweight Competition is advertised as very original and with many patina (wearing "interior and bodywork mounted on the factory that shows decade patina of use," although it is repainted and has an unsuitable number - even though the manufacturer is provided - the machine) one of the twelve built, sells for $ 7,370,000 at a Scottsdale, Arizona 2017 auction.
Being a British-made car in the 1960s, there are several rather rare types of sub-types of Series 1 E, especially at the start and end of Serie 1. production. For example, the first 500 Series 1 cars have flat floors and external bonnet hooks. At the close of the production of the Series 1, there are a small number of cars produced that are identical in every way with other Series 1 units (including triple SU carbs, starter activated buttons, toggle switches, etc.), except that the headlamps have been removed for more illumination good. It is not known exactly how many of these Series 1 cars (sometimes referred to as for convenience as "Series 1.25," but per Jaguar, Series 1) is produced, but given that the 1,508 Series 1 roadster was produced worldwide during 1967, coupled with the fact that these examples were made only in the last few months of the production of Series 1, it means that this, like the flat floor example that started production of Series 1, is the lowest volume 1 Series variant, except for lightweight special products.
Around the world, including examples of left and right drives, a total of 7,828 3.8 liter Series 1 roadstones were built, with 6,749 of the 4.2 liter Series 2 roadster being manufactured.
While the 1968 Series 1.5 cars retain the crucial design of the Series 1 model, emission regulations cause the US model to lose a triple SUB 1 Series carburetor; this was replaced in Series 1.5 by the less powerful Zenith-Stromberg twin unit, dropping claimed horsepower 265-246 and 283-263 torque.
From the "1 Series" car, Jaguar produces several limited edition variants, which are inspired by motor racing:
- "E-Type" 'Lightweight' intended as a follow-up racing to the D-Type. Jaguar plans to produce 18 units but eventually only a dozen are reportedly built. Of them, the two have been converted to a low drag form and the other two are known to have fallen and are considered irreparable, although it has now been rebuilt. This is very rare and sought after by collectors. * The "Drag DragÃÆ' â € <â € <Â © Low" is a one-time technical exercise that is eventually sold to Jaguar racers. Currently believed to be part of Viscount Cowdray's current private collection. In 2014, Jaguar announces its intention to build six remaining lightweights, at a cost of around Ã, Â £ 1 million each.
Safety and emission regulations in the North American market forced Series 2 and 3 E-Type to lose "original purity, with larger grille, wider wheel arches and heavier added bumpers that were distorted (Series 1)."
The New York City Museum of Modern Art recognized the importance of the E-Type design in 1996 by adding a blue roadster to its permanent design collection, one of only six cars to accept the difference. The MoMA XKE is a Series 1 roadster.
Maps Jaguar E-Type
Concept version
E1A (1957)
After the company's success at Le Mans 24 hours through the 1950s, the Jaguar racing department that was not functioning was given a brief to use D-Type style construction to build a sports road car, replacing the XK150.
The first prototype (E1A) featured a monocoque design, a fully independent Jaguar rear suspension and a well proven "XK" engine. The car was only used for factory testing and was never officially released to the public. The car was eventually disposed of by the factory.
E2A (1960)
The second E-Type concept of the Jaguar is the E2A which, unlike the E1A, is built from a steel chassis with an aluminum body. This car is completed as a race car as thought by Jaguar at that time will provide a better testing ground. E2A uses a 3 liter version of the XK engine with Lucas fuel injection system.
After retiring from Le Mans 24 hours the car was shipped to America to be used for racing by Jaguar privateer Briggs Cunningham. In 1961, the car returned to Jaguar in England to be used as a test vehicle. E2A ownership is forwarded to Roger Woodley (Jaguar's customer car competition manager) who takes ownership on the basis of a car not used for racing. E2A has been scheduled to be canceled. Roger's wife had E2A until 2008 when it was offered for sale at Bonham Quail Auction, where it sold for US $ 4,957,000.
E-Type Concept Zero (2017)
Jaguar launched the revival of the modern roadster series E-19 1968 with an all-electric zero-emission powertrain in September 2017. This vehicle has a 40 kWH battery powered electric motor and can accelerate to 60 mph in 5.5 seconds. With a full charge, this vehicle has a range of 168 miles (270km). The battery pack is designed to fit the space occupied by the original six-cylinder motor without any modification, and will be compatible with the Jaguar model that uses the same motor. The electric motor replaces the original transmission.
Production version
Series 1 (1961-68)
Series 1 was introduced, initially for export only, in March 1961. The domestic launch took place four months later in July 1961. The cars currently use three-cylinder three-cylinder X-Ray triple three-cylinder X-racing car from XK150S. Previously made cars use external bonnet hooks that require a tool to open and have a flat floor design. These cars are scarce and more valuable. After that, the floor is scattered to provide more leg room and twin bonnet hooks are moved into the car. The 3.8-liter engine increased to 4.2 liters in October 1964.
The 4.2-liter engine produces the same power as 3.8 liters (265 bhp; 198 kW) and the same top speed (150 mph, 241 km/h), but increases torque by about 10% from 240 to 283 lb ft (325 to 384 ×, ? m). Acceleration remains the same and 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) times around 6.4 seconds for both engines, but the maximum strength now reaches 5,400 rpm instead of 5,500rpm at 3.8 liters. That all means a better throttle response for drivers who do not want to lower teeth. The 4.2-liter block is completely redesigned, made longer to accommodate a larger 5mm bore, and crankshaft modified to use newer bearings. Other upgraded engines include a new alternator/generator and an electric cooling fan for the radiator.
Autocar tested the UK spec E-Type 4.2 fixed head coupÃÆ'Â © in May 1965. The maximum speed was 153 mph (246 km/h), which is 0-60 mph (0-97 km/h) ) Time is 7.6 seconds and 1 / 4 mile (402 m) from start stand takes 15.1 seconds. They summarize it as "In its 4.2 guise, the E-Type is the fastest (fastest car we've ever tested) and offers just about the easiest way to travel quickly by road."
The road magazine tested the UK spec E-Type 4.2 fixed head coupÃÆ'Â © in October 1964. The maximum speed was 150 mph (241 km/h), the 0-60 mph time was 7 seconds and the 1 / 4 the mile time is 14.9 seconds. They summarize it as "the new 4.2 replaces the beginning 3.8 as the fastest car the Motor has tested." The absurd ease of 100 mph can be exceeded in 1 / 4 never fails to astonish 3,000 miles of testing confirms that this is still one of the world's extraordinary cars.
All E-Type features independent rear coil rear suspension with front torque rods, and four-wheel disc brakes, on-board at the rear, all power-assisted. The Coventry engineers did nothing to do with high-end automotive technology in braking. Like some British car builders in the mid and late 1950s, 4-wheel disc brakes were also used in that era by Austin-Healey, MG, and CitroÃÆ'Â © n France put England and France well ahead of Ferrari, Maserati, Alfa Romeo, Porsche , and Mercedes-Benz. Even Lanchester tried unsuccessful attempts to use copper disc brakes in 1902. Jaguar was one of the first vehicle manufacturers to equip production cars with 4 wheel disc brakes as standard from XK150 in 1958. Series 1 (except for late 1967 models) can be recognized by glass headlights (up to 1967), small "mouth" openings in front, signal lights and tail lights on top of the bumper and exhaust tip under the back plate.
The 3.8-liter car features leather upholstery, instrument panel and aluminum-trimmed console (converted into vinyl and leather in 1963), and a four-speed Moss gearbox that has no synchromesh for first gear ("Moss box"). The 4.2-liter car has more comfortable seats, better brakes and electrical systems, and an all-synchromesh four-speed gearbox. The 4.2-liter car also has a badge on boot proclaiming "Jaguar 4.2 Liter E-Type" (3.8 cars have a simple "Jaguar" badge). Additional options include spoked chrome and removable hard tops for OTS. Upon leaving the factory, the car was originally fitted with Dunlop 6.40 ÃÆ'â € "15 inch RS5 tires on 15 ÃÆ'â €" 5K wire wheels (with 15 × 5K rear ½ wheels supplied with 6.50 X15 Dunlop Racing R5 tires in the mind of the competition). Then the Series One car is equipped with Dunlop 185 - 15 SP41 or 185 VR 15 Pirelli Cinturato as a radial ply tire.
Version 2 2 of the fastback coupon was added in 1966. 2 2 offers an automatic transmission option. The body is 9 inches (229 mm) longer and the roof angle is different. Roadster and non 2 2 FHC (Fixed Head Coupà ©  ©) remain as two seats.
Less well known, right at the end of Serie 1 production, but before the so-called "Series 1½" series below, a small number of Series 1 cars are produced, with open headlights. The Series 1 car has a main light modified by removing the cover and changing the spoons they sit on, but the Series 1 headlights are different in some respects from then used in the 1½ (or 1.5) Series, the main ones are shorter at 143 mm of Series 1½ in 160 mm. The production dates on these machines vary but in the form of right hand drive production have been verified until the end of July 1968. They are not "rare" in the sense of building twelve lightweights, but they are certainly unusual; they were not produced until January 1967 and were informed beforehand that they were manufactured until the end of July 1968, it seems to be overlapping with the production of Series 1.5, which began in August 1967 as a model 1968 model. The year/model of this year's Series 1 E-Type is identical to other 4.2-liter Series-1 examples in everything except for an open headlamp; all other component areas, including the exterior, interior, and engine compartment are the same, with the same three SU carburettors, polished aluminum cam cover, central dashboard toggle switch, etc.
Following the Series 1 there is a series of car transitions built in 1967-68 as a 1968 model car, unofficially called "Series 1Ã,½." Due to American pressure the new features are not only open headlamps, but also different switches (black plastic rocker switches as opposed to Series 1 toggle switches), de-tuning (using two Zenith-Stromberg carburses instead of the three original SUs) for the US Model , the striped cam cover is black painted except for the top of the aluminum scratch, the hood frame on the OTS which has two arcs, and other changes. The 1 ½ series car also has twin cooling fans and adjustable backrest. The biggest change between 1961-1967 Series 1 E-Type and 1968 Series 1.5 was the reduction of the number of carburettors from 3 to only 2, resulting in losses in horsepower from 265 to 246 and torque loss from 283 to 263 Series 2 features gradually introduced to Series 1 , creating an unofficial 1 ½ Series car, but always with a Series 1 body style. The United States federal safety law affecting 1968 model year cars sold in the US is the reason for the lack of lampshades and changes in the dash design in the "1.5 Series "1968. Frequently ignored changes, often" re-modified "to older styles, are knock-off wheel nuts." The US security law for the 1968 model also prohibits winged-spinner replicas, and each model year 1968 sold in the US (or an earlier German shipping car) must have hexagonal bolt nuts, hammered and switched off with the help of a special "socket" including by car from the factory. These hexagonal beans are brought to the 2nd and 3rd Series. Engine configuration of the US 1.5 Series is the same as found in Series 2, and per Judge JCNA Guide, "only MY '68 E-Type is true Series 1.5s."
An open 3.8-liter car is actually the first production car to be completed, tested by British Motorcycle magazine in 1961 and has a top speed of 149.1 mph (240.0 km/h) and can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) in 7.1 seconds. Fuel consumption of 21.3 miles per gallon imperial (13.3 L/100 km, 17.7 mpg -US ) was recorded. The cost of test car Ã, Â £ 2,097 including taxes.
Cars submitted for road testing by automotive journal at that time (1961) such as Motor , Autocar and Autosport specially prepared by Jaguar working for provides better performance figures than the standard. This work requires balance of the engine and the smooth work of such a gas-flowing cylinder head and may even involve a larger diameter fitting valve peg.
Both the famous 1961 road test car: the E-Type coupÃÆ'® Reg. No. 9600 HP and E-Type Convertible Reg. No. 77 RW, which features Dunlop Racing Tires on tests, which have larger rolling diameters and lower co-efficient drag. This explains how a maximum speed of 150 mph (240 m/h) is obtained under ideal test conditions. The maximum safe limit limit for the standard 3.1 liter E-Type 3.1 liter engine is 5,500 rpm. The 4.2-Liter unit then has a red mark on the rev counter of only 5,000 rpm. Both test cars had to reach or exceed 6,000 rpm in top gear during a road test in 1961.
Nomor produksi dari Robson:
- 15,490 3,8s
- 17,320 4.2s
- 10.930 2 2d
Production number:
Series 2 (1968-71)
Series 2 introduces a number of design changes, largely due to U.S. design laws. The most distinctive exterior feature is the absence of a glass headlight cover, which affects several other imported cars, such as CitroÃÆ'¡n DS, as well. Unlike other cars, this step is applied worldwide for Type-E, not just for Americans living under the authority of the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration.
Other advantages of the Series 2 car are the wrap-around rear bumpers, repositioned and larger front indicators and tail lights below the bumper, cooled auxiliary "mouth" auxiliary, twin electric fan, plastic rocker switch replace Series I switching switch , and the resulting performance degradation of the switches of the three SU carburettors used in the Series I model for the Stromberg carb is just two "smogged", reducing the 265-246 horsepower and reducing the 283-263 torque.
The combination of steering locks and ignition is mounted on the steering column, which replaces the ignition switch installed in the dashboard and the charismatic button starter. The new steering column comes with a foldable part in case of an accident.
New chairs were installed which allowed loosening of head restraints, as required by US law beginning in 1969. Interior and dashboards were also redesigned; rocker switches that comply with US health and safety regulations were replaced to switch shifts. The dash switch also loses the symmetric layout.
The machine is visually recognizable by changes from a subtle cam cover to a more industrial "ribbed" appearance. It's underrated in the US with twin Stromberg and larger valve clearances, but in the UK maintaining triple SUs and tighter valve clearance. (Series 1 ½ car also has a crooked cam cover). This detuned machine produces 245 hp (183 kW), a drop of 20 hp.
AC and power steering are available as factory options.
Production according to Robson is 13,490 of all types.
Production number Series 2:
Official delivery numbers by market and year are listed in Porter but no total summary is given.
Series 3 (1971-75)
E-Type Series 3 was introduced in 1971, with a new Jaguar V12 engine with a capacity of 5.3 liter Jaguar V12, improved brakes, and standard power steering. Optional automatic transmissions, wire wheels and air conditioning are available. The new V12 engine was originally developed for 24 Hours of Le Mans. It comes with four Zenith carburetors. The last machine is claimed to produce 203 kW (272 hp), more torque, and acceleration 0-60 mph less than 7 seconds, but this bhp number is reduced in production later. FHC short wheelbase body style stopped, with Series 3 only available as coupe convertible and 2 2.
Competitive performance with contemporary luxury marques:
The longer wheelbase used now offers a much larger space in all directions. The 3 Series is easily recognizable by a large cross-front grille, curved curved arches, wider tires, four exhaust edges and a badge on the back that proclaims it to V12.
Cars for the US market were fitted with large over-project rubber bumpers (in 1973 ahead, in 1974 front and back) to meet the 5 mph (8 mph/hour) impact rule, but those using the European model much smaller. The US model also has a repetition of side indicators on the front wing. There is also a very limited number of six-cylinder 3 Series E-built Type. This is shown in the initial sales procedure but the lack of demand stops their production. When leaving the factory, the V12 Open Two Seater and V12 2 Â ± 2 originally installed Dunlop E70VR - 15 inch tires on 15 ÃÆ'â € "6K wires or solid wheels.
The Jaguar plant claims that installing a set of radial-ply tires branded Jaguar XJ12 with the E-Type V12 raises a top speed of 8 mph. Production car was fitted with textile-coated radial tires. This fact was reported by Motorcycle magazine editor in an E-Type long-term test of August 4, 1973, which runs the V12's temporary head for a while.
Robson signed up for production at 15,290.
Nomor produksi Seri 3:
Edisi terbatas
Two variants of E-Type limited production are made as test bed, low drag coupe and lightweight E-Type, both are boosted: Low Drag Coupà © © (1962)
Shortly after the introduction of the E-Type, Jaguar's management wanted to investigate the possibility of building more cars in the spirit of the D-Type racers from which styling elements and E-Type designs originated. One car was built to test a concept designed as a coupÃÆ'Â ©. Unlike the E-Type steel production, LDC uses lightweight aluminum. Malcolm Sayer retains the original bath tub with a brighter outer panel glued to it. The front steel sub frame remains intact, the windscreen is given a clearer slant, and the rear cover is welded closed. The rear brake cooling pipe appears next to the rear window, and the interior trim is discarded, with only isolation around the transmission tunnel. With the exception of the windshield, all glass cockpits are perspex. The tuned version of the 3.7-liter Jaguar engine with a wide-angle cylinder head design tested on a D-Type racer is used.
The only test bed car finished in the summer of 1962 but was sold a year later to Jaguar driver Dick Protheroe. Since then it has passed the hands of several collectors on both sides of the Atlantic and is now believed to be in Viscount Cowdray's current private collection.
Peter Lindner, distributor of Jaguar in Germany, has been lightly modified by the factory to include the low-drag Sayer and rear-end cabers as part of efforts to win the GT class at LeMans. Lindner's car is more than just a game for the Ferrari 250 GTO but mechanical problems force it out of the race. Lindner was later killed in a racing accident that destroyed his car, which was recently restored.
Jaguar waited too long before committing to the racing program in earnest and what could become a world champion in 1962 was not competitive in 1965.
E-Type Ringan (1963-64, 2014-sekarang)
Twelve cars plus two spare bodies are made by Jaguar.
In some ways, this is the evolution of low drag coupons. It makes extensive use of aluminum alloy metal, in body panels and other components. However, with at least one exception, this car remains an open-top car in the spirit of the D-Type that this car is the direct successor of the E-Type production is more than GT than the sports car. The cars use an aluminum block version that is tuned from a 3.8-liter Jaguar engine with an output of 300 bhp (220 kW) rather than the 265 bhp (198 kW) produced by the "regular" version. Lightweight factory was built homologation by Jaguar with three Weber 45DCO3 carburettors in addition to Lucas's mechanical fuel injection system. The early cars were equipped with a closed-ratio version of the E-speed four-speed gearbox, with some cars equipped with a ZF five-speed gearbox.
The cars were in various races but, unlike the Type-C and D-Type racing cars, they did not win at Le Mans or Sebring but were quite successful in private hands and in smaller races.
One lightweight was modified into a low drag coupe (Lindner/NÃÆ'¶cker), by Malcolm Sayer.
Another lightweight is modified into a unique low drag design (Lumsden/Sargent car), by Dr. Samir Klat from Imperial College. Along with the LDC factory, this lightweight is now believed to be in Viscount Cowdray's current private collection.
Many are equipped with a more powerful engine when the development occurs.
On May 14, 2014, Jaguar's Heritage Business announced it would build six remaining 'lightweight'. The original run of the lightweight is meant to be 18 vehicles; However only 12 were built. New cars, using an unused chassis code, will be hand-made for the exact same specifications as the original. Availability is prioritized for already established collectors in Jaguar, with a focus on those who have an interest in historic racing cars.
William Towns also produced a special 2 V12-rated badge as the Guyson E12
Motorsport
Bob Jane won the 1963 Australian GT Championship on the "lightweight" E-Type wheel.
Jaguar E-Type was very successful in SCCA Production sports racing with Group44 and Bob Tullius took the B-Production championship with the 3-Series V12 racers in 1975. A few years later, Gran-Turismo Jaguar of Cleveland Ohio campaigned for 4.2 -Fighting six FHC cylinders racer in the SCCA production series, and in 1980 won the National Championship in the SCCA C Production Class, beating the Nissan Z-car team factory financed entirely with Paul Newman.
In popular culture
The 1986 British black comedy film Car Trouble is centered around the E-Type 1965. The 2017 article in Business Insider states it is "the most beautiful car ever made by human hands on Earth."
References
Note
Bibliography
External links
- Jaguar E-Type in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Information about Jaguar XKE
- On-Line Registration with 12,000 car records and 89,000 photos from E-Type
- Jaguar International
- Jaguar USA
- MENA Jaguar
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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