iPhone ( EYE -fone ) is a series of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPhone product line uses Apple's iOS mobile operating system software. The first generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and several new hardware iterations with new iOS releases have been released ever since.
The user interface is built around a multi-touch screen device, including a virtual keyboard. The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to mobile networks. The iPhone can record video (though this is not a standard feature until iPhone 3GS), take photos, play music, send and receive emails, surf the web, send and receive text messages, follow GPS navigation, record notes, perform mathematical calculations, and receive visual voicemails. Other functions, such as video games, reference works, and social networks, can be enabled by downloading the mobile app. In January 2017, Apple's App Store has more than 2.2 million apps available for the iPhone.
Apple has released eleven generations of iPhone models, each accompanied by one of the eleven major releases of the iOS operating system. The first genuine first generation iPhone is a GSM phone and an existing design precedent, such as button placement that has been going on throughout the release and the screen size is maintained for the next four iterations. The iPhone 3G adds 3G network support, and is followed by 3GS with enhanced hardware, 4 with metal chassis, higher screen resolution and front-facing camera, and 4S with enhanced hardware and Siri voice assistant. The iPhone 5 features a higher 4-inch screen and the newly introduced Lightning Apple connector. In 2013, Apple released 5S with improved hardware and fingerprint readers, and a low cost 5C, version 5 with a non-metal colored plastic case. They were followed by a larger iPhone 6, with models featuring 4.7 and 5.5 inch displays (120 and 140 mm). The iPhone 6S was introduced the following year, featuring enhanced hardware and support for pressure-sensitive touch inputs, as well as the SE - which featured hardware of 6S but a form factor smaller than 5S. In 2016, Apple launched the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, which added water resistance, improved system and graphics performance, new dual-camera rear setting on Plus models, and new color options, while removing the 3.5 mm headphone jack found in previous models. IPhone 8 and 8 Plus released in 2017, adding rear glass and screens as well as enhanced cameras. IPhone X released alongside 8 and 8 Plus, with its highlight being a frameless design, an enhanced camera and a new facial recognition system, called Face ID, but has no home button, and therefore no Touch ID.
The original iPhone is described as a "revolutionary" and "game-changer" for the mobile phone industry. Newer iterations are also praised, and the iPhone's success has been credited with helping make Apple one of the most valuable companies traded in the world.
Video IPhone
History and availability
The development of what became the iPhone began in 2004, when Apple began to assemble a team of 1,000 employees (including Jonathan Ive, the designer behind the iMac and iPod) to work on the highly secret "Purple Project". Apple CEO Steve Jobs directs the original focus of a tablet (which Apple ultimately revisits in iPad form) towards the phone. Apple created the device during a covert collaboration with Cingular Wireless (which became AT & amp; Mobility) at the time - with an estimated development cost of US $ 150 million over thirty months.
According to Steve Jobs, the word "i" in "iMac" (and therefore "iPod", "iPhone" and "iPad") stands for internet, individuals, instruction, information, and inspiration.
Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that has resulted in Motorola ROKR E1, a highly failed collaboration with Motorola. Among other shortcomings, limited storage of ROKR E1 firmware is only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competition with Apple iPod nano.
Cingular gave Apple the freedom to develop iPhone hardware and software within the company and even paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (up to iPhone 3G), instead of four years of US exclusive sales until 2011.
Jobs launched the iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the 2007 Macworld convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. Two early models, 4 GB models priced at US $ 499 and 8 GB models at US $ 599 (both required a two-year contract), went on sale in the United States on June 29, 2007, at 6:00 pm local time, while hundreds of customers lined up outside the national stores. The passionate reaction to the iPhone launch resulted in a part of the media dubbed the 'phone Jesus'. Following this successful release in the US, the first generation iPhone was made available in the UK, France and Germany in November 2007, and Ireland and Austria in the spring of 2008.
On July 11, 2008, Apple released the iPhone 3G in twenty-two countries, including six original ones. Apple released the iPhone 3G in over eighty countries and territories. Apple announced the iPhone 3GS on June 8, 2009, along with plans to release it in June, July, and August, beginning with the US, Canada and major European countries on June 19. Many potential users object to the cost of the iPhone, and 40% of users have a household income of over US $ 100,000.
The back of the original first generation iPhone is made of aluminum with black plastic accents. IPhone 3G and 3GS full plastic displays to enhance the power of GSM signals. The iPhone 3G is available in a black 8 GB model, or black or white option for the 16 GB model. IPhone 3GS is available in both colors, regardless of its storage capacity.
The iPhone 4 has aluminosilicate and rear windshields with stainless steel edges that serve as antennas. It was originally available in black; the white version was announced, but not released until April 2011, 10 months later.
IPhone 4 users report phone calls that are disconnected/disconnected while holding their phone in a certain way. This is known as antennagate.
On January 11, 2011, Verizon announced during a media event that they have reached an agreement with Apple and will start selling CDMA iPhone 4. Verizon said it will be available for pre-order on February 3, with a release set for February 10th In February 2011, Verizon iPhone accounts for 4.5% of all US iPhone ad impressions on the Millenial Media mobile advertising network.
From 2007 to 2011, Apple spent $ 647 million on advertising for the iPhone in the US.
On Tuesday, September 27, Apple sent an invitation to a press event to be held October 4, 2011, at 10:00 am at the Cupertino headquarters to announce the details of the next generation iPhone, which turned out to be the iPhone 4S. More than 1 million 4S models were sold in the first 24 hours after it was released in October 2011. Due to the large volume of iPhone produced and the high selling price, Apple became the world's largest mobile phone handset vendor with revenue, in 2011, surpassing Nokia's longtime leader. American operator C Spire Wireless announced that they will be carrying the iPhone 4S on October 19, 2011.
In January 2012, Apple reported its best quarterly earnings, with 53% of its revenue coming from sales of 37 million iPhones, with an average selling price of nearly $ 660. The average selling price remained fairly constant for most phone lifetimes, hovering between $ 622 and $ 660. The iPhone 4S production price is estimated by IHS iSuppli, in October 2011, to $ 188, $ 207 and $ 245, for 16GB, 32GB and 64GB models, respectively. Labor costs are estimated at between $ 12.50 and $ 30 per unit, with workers on the iPhone assembly line earning $ 1.78 per hour.
In February 2012, ComScore reported that 12.4% of US cellular subscribers use the iPhone. Approximately 6.4 million iPhones are active in the US alone.
On September 12, 2012, Apple announced the iPhone 5. It has a 4 inch screen, up from its predecessor's 3.5-inch screen. This device comes with the same 326 pixels per inch found in iPhone 4 and 4S. The iPhone 5 has a SoC A6 processor, the chip is 22% smaller than the iPhone 4S 'A5 and twice as fast, doubling the graphics performance of its predecessor. The device is 18% thinner than the iPhone 4S, measuring 7.6 millimeters (0.3 inches), and 20% lighter at 112 grams (4 oz).
On July 6, 2013, it was reported that Apple is in talks with Korean mobile operator SK Telecom to release its next generation iPhone with Advanced LTE technology.
On July 22, 2013, a supplier company said that Apple is testing a bigger screen for the iPhone and iPad. "Apple has requested a prototype smartphone screen larger than four inches and also asked for a screen design for a new tablet device measuring less than 13 inches diagonally," they said.
On September 10, 2013, Apple unveiled two new iPhone models during a highly anticipated press event in Cupertino. The iPhone 5C, a mid-range handset version designed to improve accessibility because the price is available in five colors (green, blue, yellow, pink, and white) and made of plastic. The iPhone 5S comes in three colors (black, white, and gold) and the home button is replaced with a fingerprint scanner (Touch ID). Both phones are delivered on September 20, 2013.
On September 9, 2014, Apple revealed iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus at an event in Cupertino. Both devices have larger screens than their predecessors, each at 4.7 and 5.5 inches.
In 2016, Apple launched the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, which add water and dust resistance, improved system and graphics performance, new dual-camera settings on the Plus model, new color options, and remove 3.5 mm headphone jack.
On September 12, 2017, Apple officially unveiled the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, featuring new glass designs, improved cameras, True Tone displays, wireless charging, and improved system performance. It also unveiled the iPhone X, featuring a barely-bezelless design, facial recognition dubbed "Face ID" with face tracking used for Animojis, OLED screen with the highest pixel density on the iPhone, a new telephoto lens that works better under light conditions, and an enhanced camera for AR.
Sales and profits
Apple sold 6.1 million units of the first generation iPhone more than five quarters. Sales in the fourth quarter of 2008 temporarily exceeded BlackBerry Research In Motion (RIM) sales of 5.2 million units, which briefly made Apple the third-largest mobile phone maker by revenue, after Nokia and Samsung (however, some of this revenue is deferred). Recording sales continued to increase after that, and by the end of fiscal year 2010, a total of 73.5 million iPhones were sold.
In 2010, the iPhone had a market share of nearly 4% of all mobile phones; However, Apple attracted more than 50% of total profits generated by global mobile phone sales. Apple sold 14.1 million iPhones in the third quarter of 2010, representing a 91% unit growth over the quarter last year, which is well ahead of IDC's latest updated estimate of 64% growth for the global smartphone market in the September quarter. Apple sales surpassed 12.1 million BlackBerry Research units sold in their latest quarter ending August 2010. In the US market alone for the third quarter of 2010, while there were 9.1 million Android smart phones shipped for 43.6% of the market, Apple iOS is the number two phone operating system with 26.2% but the 5.5 million iPhone sold makes it the single most popular device.
On March 2, 2011, at the iPad 2 launch event, Apple announced that it has sold 100 million iPhones worldwide. As a result of the successful iPhone sales volume and high selling price, highlighted by the iPhone 4S, Apple became the world's largest mobile phone vendor with revenue in 2011, surpassing Nokia's longtime leader. While Samsung Galaxy S II proved more popular than the iPhone 4S in some parts of Europe, the iPhone 4S is dominant in the United States.
In January 2012, Apple reported its best quarterly earnings, with 53% of its revenue coming from sales of 37 million iPhones, with an average selling price of nearly $ 660. The average selling price remained fairly constant for most phone lifetimes, hovering between $ 622 and $ 660.
For the eight largest mobile phone manufacturers in Q1 2012, according to Horace Dediu at Asymco, Apple and Samsung combined to take 99% of industry profits (HTC takes 1% left, while RIM, LG, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia all suffer losses) with Apple getting 73 cents from every dollar earned by mobile phone makers. When industrial profits grew from $ 5.3 billion in the first quarter of 2010 to $ 14.4 billion in the first quarter of 2012 (four times profit in 2007), Apple managed to increase its share of this profit. This is due to increased operator subsidies and high selling prices of iPhones, which negatively impact wireless carriers (AT & amp; T Mobility, Verizon, and Sprint) who have seen their EBITDA service margins fall as they sell an ever increasing amount. of the iPhone. In the quarter ended March 31, 2012, Apple's own iPhone sales (at $ 22.7 billion) exceeded Microsoft's total of all its businesses ($ 17.4 billion).
In the fourth quarter of 2012, the iPhone 5 and iPhone 4S were the best-selling handsets with sales of 27.4 million (13% of smartphones worldwide) and 17.4 million units, respectively, with Samsung Galaxy SÃ, III in third with 15 ,4 million. According to Strategy Analytics data, this is an "impressive performance, given the premium price of the iPhone portfolio", adding that the global popularity of Galaxy SÃ, III "seems to have peaked" (Galaxy SÃ, III was mentioned as iPhone-killer by some in the media when released). While Samsung has taken the lead in worldwide smartphone sales, Apple's iPhone line still managed to achieve Samsung smartphone offerings in the United States, with a share of 21.4% and 37.8% in the market, respectively. iOS grew 3.5% to 37.8%, while Android fell 1.3% to 52.3%.
The iPhone's growing popularity despite the ever-increasing Android competition is also associated with Apple capable of delivering iOS updates over the air, while Android updates are often hampered by operator testing requirements and hardware adjustments, forcing consumers to buy new Android smartphones to get the latest version of the OS that. However, in 2013, Apple's market share fell to 13.1%, due to Android's soaring popularity.
Apple announced on September 1, 2013, that the iPhone's trade-in program will be implemented in all 250 specialty stores in the US. In order for the program to become available, the customer must have a valid contract and must purchase a new phone, rather than just receiving credit for future use. An important part of the program's goal is to increase the number of customers who buy the iPhone in an Apple store rather than the carrier store.
On September 20, 2013, the date of sale of the iPhone 5S and 5C models, the longest line ever observed at Apple's New York City store, in addition to prominent queues in San Francisco, USA and Canada; However, locations around the world are identified for appropriate consumer anticipation. Apple also increased the production of iPhone 5S colored gold with an additional third because of the very strong demand that appears. Apple has decided to introduce a golden model after discovering that gold is seen as a popular sign of luxury products among Chinese customers.
Apple released the opening weekend sales results for 5C and 5S models, representing the all-time highs for product sales figures, with nine Ã, million handsets sold - the previous record set in 2012, when five million handsets sold over the opening weekend of 5 models. This is the first time Apple has simultaneously launched two models and the entry of China in the list of markets contributed to the record sales results. Apple also announced that, on September 23, 2013, 200 million devices are running iOS 7 updates, making it "the fastest software upgrade in history".
The Apple store located at Christiana Mall in Newark, Delaware, USA claims the highest iPhone sales figures in November 2013. The store's high sales result is due to the absence of a sales tax in the state of Delaware.
The finalization of an agreement between Apple and China Mobile, the world's largest mobile network, was announced in late December 2013. The multi-year agreement provides iPhone access to over 760 million Chinese Mobile subscribers.
In the first quarter of 2014, Apple reported selling 51 Ã, million iPhones, a quarterly record over time, compared to 47.8 Ã, million in the quarter last year.
iPhone Upgrades Program
The iPhone Improvement Program is a 24-month program designed for consumers to get the latest iPhone every year, without paying the entire price up front. The program consists of "low monthly payments", where consumers will gradually pay for their iPhone over a 24 month period, with the opportunity to upgrade to a new iPhone after 12 months of payment has elapsed. After 12 months have passed, consumers can trade their current iPhone with a new one, and payments are transferred from the old device to the new device, and the program "restarts" with a new 24-month period.
Additional features of the program include unlocked handsets, which means consumers are free to choose their preferred network operator, and two years of AppleCare protection, which includes "hardware repairs, software support, and coverage of up to two accidental damage incidents".
Critics of the program include a potentially endless payment cycle, with Huffington Post ' s Damon Beres, "Complete the full 24-month payment cycle, and you're stuck with a missed phone increase every 12 months, and you will never stop owing Apple money for iPhone ". In addition, the program is limited only to iPhone hardware; mobile phone service from a network operator is not included.
Legacy
Prior to the iPhone release, handset manufacturers such as Nokia and Motorola are enjoying record sales of mobile phones based on more on fashion and brand rather than technological innovation. The smartphone market, which is dominated by BlackBerry OS and Windows Mobile devices, is a "quiet and corporate-led smartphone paradigm" that focuses on the company's needs. Phones at the time were designed around operators and conservative business boundaries related to bandwidth usage and battery life. Mobile phones are sold in enormous quantities of models, often segmented by marketing strategies, confusing customers and draining technical resources. For example, phones that are marketed in business are often deliberately stripped of cameras or the ability to play music and games. Apple's approach is to deliberately simplify its product line by offering only one model per year to all customers, while making it an expensive expensive product.
Apple's marketing, which evolved from the success of the iPod campaign, allows mobile phones to become mass-market products with many buyers on launch day. Some market research has found that, remarkably for technology products, iPhone users are disproportionately female. Ars Technica noted in 2012 that Apple has avoided 'patronizing' marketing for female customers, a practice used (often to sell low quality, expensive products) by many of its competitors.
When then CEO of Research in Motion Mike Lazaridis opened the iPhone, the impression was that the Mac was put into the phone, as it used more memory and processing power than the smartphone in the market at the time. With capacitive touchscreens and consumer-friendly designs, the iPhone fundamentally changed the mobile industry, with Steve Jobs claiming in 2007, that the phone was not just a communication tool but a way of life.
The dominant mobile operating systems at the time such as Symbian, BlackBerry OS, and Windows Mobile were not designed to handle additional tasks beyond communication and basic functions. This operating system never focuses on applications and developers, and because of disputes between manufacturers as well as the complexity of low-memory hardware development, they have never developed a thriving ecosystem such as the Apple App Store or Google Play Android. The iPhone OS (iOS name in 2010) is designed as a powerful OS with capabilities like multitasking and graphics to meet future consumer demands. Many services are provided by mobile operators, often using extensively customized devices. Meanwhile, Apple's decision to base its OS on OS X has an unexpected benefit that allows OS X developers to thrive in iOS development. Competitor manufacturers are forced to spend more on software and development costs to pursue the iPhone. The success of the iPhone has led to a decline in sales of high-end fashion phones and business-oriented smartphones like Vertu and BlackBerry, as well as Nokia. Nokia is aware of the limitations of the Symbian operating system and is trying to develop a more sophisticated system, Maemo, with no results. It finally agreed on a technology sharing deal and then a takeover from Microsoft.
Before the iPhone, "Mobile phones are seen as cheap, disposable, massively subsidized baits to trap customers and lock them into using operator-specific services." However, according to Wired , "Apple maintains full control of iPhone design, manufacture and marketing", meaning that it and not the operator will control software updates, and with the extension security patches. By contrast, Google has allowed operators and OEMs to determine "mobile upgrade and pre-load rates with their own software on Android". As a result, many Android OEMs are often left behind for months after Google releases from the next Android iteration; although Nexus and Pixel devices are guaranteed two years of operating system updates and third year enhancements for security. However, Apple has supported the iPhone's older iteration for more than four years.
In December 2017, there were reports that Apple had used a policy to slow down the speed of the older iPhone when it issued an operating system upgrade. This has led to the notion that the company has used this as a tactic to encourage older iPhone users to buy newer models.
Maps IPhone
Production
Until iPhone 4, all iPhone models, as well as other iOS devices are produced exclusively by Foxconn, based in Taiwan. In 2011, after Tim Cook became company CEO, Apple changed its outsourcing strategy, for the first time improving its supplier partner. The iPhone 4s in 2012 is the first model produced simultaneously by two stand-alone companies: Foxconn and Pegatron, also based in Taiwan. Although Foxconn is still responsible for a larger production section, Pegatron orders have been gradually improved, with the company being tasked with producing part of the 5C iPhone line in 2013, and 30% of the iPhone 6 devices by 2014. 6 Plus models are being manufactured alone by Foxconn.
Hardware
Display and input
The touch screen on the first five generations is a liquid crystal display 9 cm (3.5 inches) with scratch-resistant glass, while the iPhone 5 in the size of four inches. The capacitive touch screen is designed for bare fingers, or multiple fingers for multi-touch sensing. Screens on the first three generations have a resolution of 320ÃÆ' â € "480 (HVGA) at 163Ã, ppi; which is in iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S has a resolution of 640ÃÆ' â € "960 at 326 ppi; 4 inch model, with 640ÃÆ'â € "1136 at 326 ppi; 4.7-inch model, with 750ÃÆ'â € "1334 at 326 ppi; 5.5-inch model, with 1080ÃÆ'â € "1920 at 401 ppi; and the X model 5.8 inches, with 1125ÃÆ' â € "2436 at 458 ppi. The initial model uses a twisted-nematic (TN) LCD. Beginning with iPhone 4, the technology was transformed into an in-plane LCD switching (IPS). The iPhone 5 model screen generates an aspect ratio of around 16: 9. The iPhone X is the first iPhone to use an OLED display. It has a borderless screen close to the ~ 19.5: 9 aspect ratio.
Touch and iPhone gesture features are based on the technology originally developed by FingerWorks. Most gloves and needles prevent the required electrical conductivity; although the capacitive styli can be used with the iPhone's finger touch screen. The iPhone 3GS and then also displays a fingerprint resistant oleophobic coating.
The iPhone has a minimal hardware user interface, with most models featuring five buttons. The only physical menu button is located just below the screen, and is called the "Home button" because its main function is to close the active application and navigate to the interface's initial screen. Previous models include a circular square, reminiscent of the iconic shape on the home screen; however, the new model that includes the Apple Touch ID fingerprint recognition feature (which uses the Home button as a fingerprint sensor) has no symbols. The iPhone X does not have a Home button but a Face ID, face recognition authentication method.
The multi-function sleep/wake button is located at the top of the device. It functions as a power button unit, and also controls phone calls. When a call is received, pressing the sleep/wake button once silences the ringtone, and when pressed twice the call transfer to voicemail. Located on the left spine is a volume control control. The iPhone 4 has two separate circular buttons to increase and decrease the volume; all previous models house two switches under a single plastic panel, known as a rocker switch, which can be counted as one or two buttons.
Just above the volume control is a ring/silent switch that when engaged in mute phone rings, the warning sound of new & amp; send emails, text messages, and other push notifications, camera shutter sounds, sound effects Voice memo, voice lock/unlock phone, keyboard click, and oral auto correction. This switch does not mute the alarm sound from the Clock app, and in some countries or territories it will not shut down the camera shutter effect or Memo Sound. All buttons except Home are made of plastic on the first generation iPhone and the original metal on all subsequent models. The touch screen completes the rest of the user interface.
The software update in January 2008 enabled the first generation iPhone to use cell towers and Wi-Fi network trilateration locations, even though the GPS hardware was lacking. Since the generation of iPhone 3G, iPhone uses A-GPS operated by the United States. Since the iPhone 4S generation the device also supports GLONASS global positioning system, operated by Russia.
The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, introduced in 2015, feature a "nail-touch" display that allows the screen to recognize how hard it is to push. All subsequent iPhone with iPhone SE exceptions have this feature. An example of how this technology will be used is to briefly press the screen to view the photo and press to extract it.
Sensor
iPhone has a number of sensors, which are used to customize the screen based on operating conditions, allow motion-driven games, location-based services, unlock phones, and authenticate purchases with Apple Pay, among many other things.
Distance sensor
The distance sensor turns off the screen and touch screen when the device is brought near the face during a call. This is done to conserve battery power and prevent accidental input from the user's face and ears.
Ambient light sensor
The ambient light sensor adjusts the screen brightness that saves battery power and prevents the screen from becoming too light or too dark.
Accelerometer
A 3 axis accelerometer feels the phone orientation and alters the screen accordingly, allowing the user to easily switch between portrait and landscape modes. Photo search, web search, and music playback support both stand-up and left or right screen orientation. Unlike the iPad, the iPhone does not rotate the screen when it is turned upside down, with the Home button on the screen, unless the running program has been specially designed to do so. Update 3.0 adds landscape support for other apps, such as email, and introduces shake the unit as an input form (generally for undo functions). Accelerometer can also be used to control third-party applications, especially games. It is also used for fitness tracking purposes, especially as a pedometer. Beginning with the iPhone 5S, this function is included in the M7 Motion processor and subsequent revisions of the embedded chip.
Magnetometer
A magnetometer has been around since the iPhone 3GS, which is used to measure the strength and direction of the magnetic field around the device. Sometimes certain devices or radio signals may interfere with a magnetometer that requires the user to stay away from interference or recalibrate by moving the device in an eight-figure motion. Since iPhone 3GS, the iPhone also comes with a unique Compass app at the time of release, showing a compass pointing towards a magnetic field.
Gyroscopic Sensors
Beginning with iPhone 4, Apple's smartphone also includes gyroscopic sensors, increasing perceptions of how it was moved.
Radio
Some previous iPhone models contain chips capable of receiving radio signals; However, Apple has the FM radio feature turned off because there is no antenna connected to the chip. Then iPhone iteration (starting with iPhone 7), however, does not contain any radio chips at all. The campaign called "Free Radio on My Mobile" started pushing mobile phone manufacturers like Apple to turn on the radio on their phones, the reason being that it reduced power and was useful in emergencies like Fort McMurray Wildfire 2016.
Fingerprint sensor
All iPhone models ranging from iPhone 5S (excluding iPhone 5C and iPhone X) feature the Apple fingerprint recognition sensor. This is used to unlock devices and authenticate Apple Pay purchases (since iPhone 6) using Touch ID. It's located in the home button.
Barometer
Included on iPhone 6 and later (excluding iPhone SE), the barometer used to determine the air pressure, and the elevation of the device.
Facial recognition sensor
The iPhone X has a face recognition sensor, which is named TrueDepth camera system. This is used to unlock the device and to authenticate purchases using Face ID. It can also be used for Animojis and AR.
Audio and output
At the bottom of the iPhone, there are speakers to the left of the dock and microphone connector on the right. There is an additional loudspeaker above the screen that acts as an earpiece during a phone call. The iPhone 4 includes an additional microphone at the top of the unit for noise cancellation, and replaces the microphone and speaker placement on the base on the speaker-unit on the right. Volume control is placed on the left side of all iPhone models and as a slider in the iPod app.
The 3.5mm TRRS connector for headphones is located in the upper-left corner of the device for the first five generations (native to 4S), after which time is moved to the lower-left corner. The first-generation iPhone headphone socket is inserted into the chassis, making it incompatible with most headsets without using an adapter. The next generation eliminates the problem by using flush-mount headphone sockets. Cars equipped with auxiliary jacks allow the use of an iPhone handsfree while driving instead of Bluetooth. The iPhone 7 and newer do not have 3.5mm headphone jack, and instead the headset must connect to the iPhone via Bluetooth, use the Lightning Apple port (which has replaced the 3.5mm headphone jack), or (for traditional headsets) using Lightning to 3.5mm adapter headphone jack, which is included with all the iPhone 7 and newer units, and is plugged into the Lightning port.
Apple's own headset has multi-purpose buttons near the microphone that can play or pause music, skip tracks, and answer or end phone calls without touching the iPhone. Some third-party headsets designed for the iPhone also include a microphone and control buttons. The current headset also provides volume control, which is only compatible with newer models. The fourth ring in the audio jack carries this additional information.
Built-in Bluetooth 2.x EDR supports wireless earphones and headphones, which require HSP profiles. Audio stereo added in update 3.0 for hardware that supports A2DP. While unapproved third-party solutions exist, the iPhone does not officially support the OBEX file transfer protocol. This lack of profile prevents iPhone users from exchanging multimedia files, such as pictures, music and videos, with other Bluetooth mobile phones.
Composite or component video up to 576i audio and stereo can be generated from the dock connector using an adapter sold by Apple. The iPhone 4 also supports VGA output of 1024ÃÆ'â € "768 without audio, and HDMI output, with stereo audio, through the dock adapter. The iPhone does not support voice recording until software update 3.0.
Battery
The iPhone has an internal rechargeable lithium-ion battery. Like the iPod, but unlike most other phones at launch, the battery can not be replaced by the user. The iPhone can be charged when connected to the computer for synchronization between the USB connector cable to the dock, similar to iPod charging. Alternatively, a USB to AC adapter (or "wall filler", also included) can be connected to a cable to charge directly from an AC outlet. Some iPhone models support wireless charging.
Apple runs tests on pre-production units to determine the battery life. The Apple website says that battery life "is designed to retain up to 80% of its original capacity after 400 full charge and discharge cycles," which is comparable to iPod batteries.
The early iPhone model battery life has been criticized by some technology journalists as insufficient and less than Apple's claim. This is also reflected in the customer satisfaction survey of J. D. Power and Associates, which provides the "aspect of the battery" of the iPhone 3G, ranking the lowest two of five stars.
If the battery malfunction or die prematurely, the phone can be returned to Apple and replaced for free while under warranty. This warranty lasts one year from purchase and can be extended for up to two years with AppleCare. Battery replacement service and the price is unknown to buyer until product launch day; this is similar to how Apple (and third parties) replace batteries for iPods. The Taxpayer and Consumer Rights Foundation, a consumer support group, has sent complaints to Apple and AT & amp; at the cost of the consumer to replace the battery. Apple reduced the price of replacing an unqualified iPhone battery to $ 29.
Since July 2007, third-party battery replacement devices have been available for a much lower price than Apple's own battery replacement program. These kits often include small screwdrivers and instructional leaflets, but as with many newer iPod models, the battery in the first generation iPhone has been soldered. Therefore, soldering iron is required to install new batteries. The iPhone 3G uses a different battery pack that comes with a more easily replaceable connector. The iPhone X has a different battery, with two battery cells, and the adhesive pull tab is held to the side instead of being folded on top, thus making the repair slightly more difficult than before.
The patent filed by the company, published in late July 2013, discloses the development of a new iPhone battery system that uses location data in combination with data on the user's habits to moderate the appropriate handset power settings. Apple is working towards a power management system that will provide features such as the ability to estimate the length of time users will be away from resources to modify energy usage and detection functions that adjust the fill rate to best suit the type of resource used.
Controversy
On December 28, 2017, amid many complaints about the old iPhone model that slowed when newly released, Apple released communications to its customers on its website, recognizing the effects that old batteries have on iPhone performance. The company offers a $ 29 battery replacement as a solution.
Camera
The first generation iPhone and iPhone 3G have a 2.0-megapixel fixed-focus camera on the back for digital photos. It does not have optical zoom, flash or autofocus, and does not support natively recorded video. Video recording is possible on the first generation iPhone and iPhone 3G through third party applications available on the App Store or through jailbreaking. iPhone OS 2.0 introduces geotagging for photos.
The iPhone 3GS has a 3.2 megapixel camera with auto focus, automatic white balance, and auto macro (up to 10 cm). Produced by OmniVision, the camera can also record video 640ÃÆ' â € "480 (VGA resolution) at 30 frames per second. Videos can be trimmed on iPhone and instantly uploaded to YouTube or other services.
The iPhone 4 introduces a 5.0 megapixel camera (2592ÃÆ'â € "1936 pixels) that can record video at 720p resolution, which is considered high-definition. It also has a back-illuminated sensor that can capture images in low light and an LED flash that can stay on while recording video. This is the first iPhone to natively perform photography with a high dynamic range. The iPhone 4 also has a second camera on the front that can take VGA photos and record SD video. Saved records can be synchronized to a host computer, attached to email, or (if supported) sent via MMS.
The iPhone 4S camera can record 8-MP stills and 1080p video, can be accessed directly from the lock screen, and can be triggered using the volume-up button as a shutter trigger. The built-in gyroscope can stabilize the image while recording video.
The iPhone 5 and iPhone 4S, running iOS 6 or later, can take panoramas using the built-in camera app, and iPhone 5 can also take photos while recording video.
The camera on the iPhone 5 is reported to show purple fog when the light source is just out of the frame, although Consumer Reports says it's "no easier than the purple hazing on a photo fired into a bright light source than its predecessor or from some Android phones with a nice camera..."
On all five generations of models, the phone can be configured to open the camera application by pressing the home button twice quickly. On all iPhones running iOS 5, it can also be accessed from the lock screen directly.
Features iPhone 5S True Tone Flash, which has two LED, white and yellow lights, which will increase the white balance and will be adjusted in 1,000 combinations.
The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include the autofocus detection phase, while the 6 Plus has Optical Image Stabilization. Both models can record 1080p video at 60 frames per second.
The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus comes with a 12 megapixel camera, with 4K HD video capability. The front camera is upgraded to 5 megapixels. Users can change the resolution between 4K and 1080p in Settings.
The iPhone 7 features an OIS on the rear camera, a feature previously exclusive for the Plus model, and 7 Plus is the first iPhone to feature a dual lens camera (both 12 MP). Both models have a 7 MP front camera. The second camera on the iPhone 7 Plus is a telephoto lens, which allows 2ÃÆ'â € "optical zoom and up to 10ÃÆ'â €" digital zoom. Rear camera on 7 and 7 Plus both have f/1.8 aperture. It also has a new quad-LED True Tone flash, which is brighter than its predecessor.
The iPhone 8 camera remains mostly the same as its predecessor, but features a larger sensor, and a newer color filter. The camera can now also record 4K at 60 and 24 frames per second, and slow-mo at 1080p in 240 frames per second. The new camera system also allows Portrait Lighting, which defines light in a scene. It also comes with a quad-LED True Tone flash with 2ÃÆ'â € "better light uniformity and Slow Sync.
The iPhone X camera is similar to the iPhone 8 camera, but the telephoto lens has a f/2.4 aperture and optical image stabilization. The front camera also has Portrait Mode and Portrait Lighting, due to the new TrueDepth camera system.
Storage
The iPhone was originally released with two options for internal storage size: 4 or 8 Ã, GB. On September 5, 2007, Apple discontinued model 4 Ã, GB.
On February 5, 2008, Apple added a model of 16 Ã, GB. The iPhone 3G is available in 8 and 16 Ã, GB. The iPhone 3GS comes in variants 16 and 32 Ã, GB and remains available in 8 Ã, GB until September 2012, more than three years after its release. The iPhone 4 is available in both the 16 and 32 Ã, GB variants, and the variant 8 Ã, GB for sale alongside the iPhone 4S at a cheaper price point. The iPhone 4S is available in three sizes: 16, 32, and 64 Ã, GB. The iPhone 5 and 5S are available in the same three sizes previously available for iPhone 4S: 16, 32, and 64 Ã, GB. The low cost iPhone 5C model is initially available in models 16 and 32 Ã, GB; model 8 Ã, GB added later. The iPhone 6 and 6S are available in three sizes at launch: 16, 64, and 128 Ã, GB. IPhone SE is available in variants 16 and 64 Ã, GB at launch. When the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were released, Apple changed the storage capacity of the base model from 16 to 32 Ã, GB. Both iPhone 7 and 7 Plus have storage configurations of 32, 128, and 256 Ã, GB. Apple doubled storage on the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus in two configurations (32 and 128 Ã, GB), and the iPhone SE six months later. IPhone 8, 8 Plus, and X have 64 or 256 Ã, GB storage.
SIM card
The iPhone GSM model uses a SIM card to identify itself to the GSM network. The SIM is stored in the tray, which is inserted into the slot at the top of the device. The SIM tray can be removed with a paper clip or "SIM ejection device" (a simple piece of die-cut metal sheets) that is included with iPhone 3G and 3GS in the United States and with all models elsewhere in the world. Some iPhone models are shipped with a SIM ejector device made from an alloy dubbed "Liquidmetal". In most countries, the iPhone is usually sold with a SIM lock, which prevents the iPhone from being used on different mobile networks.
GSM iPhone 4 has a MicroSIM card located in the slot on the right side of the device.
The CDMA model of the iPhone 4, just like any other CDMA phone, does not use a SIM card or has a SIM card slot.
The iPhone 4S is enabled on a CDMA carrier, however, it has a SIM card slot but does not rely on SIM card for activation on CDMA networks. The iPhone 4S enabled CDMA usually has an operator-approved roaming license loaded in the SIM slot at the time of purchase used for roaming on an approved international GSM network only. The SIM slot is locked to use only the roaming SIM card provided by the CDMA operator.
In the Verizon case, for example, one can request that the SIM slot be unlocked for international use by calling their support number and requesting the unlock of an international key if their account has been in good standing for the last 60 days. This method only opens the iPhone 4S for use on international carriers. The iPhone 4S that has been opened in this way will reject the non-international SIM card (AT & amp; T Mobility or T-Mobile USA, for example).
The iPhone 5 and the newer iPhone use nano-SIM to save space internally.
Liquid contact indicator
All the iPhone (as well as many other devices by Apple) has a small disc on the bottom of the headphone jack that turns from white to red when in contact with water; iPhone 3G and newer models also have similar indicators at the bottom of the dock connector. Since Apple's warranty does not cover water damage, the employee checks the indicator before approving the repair or reimbursement of the warranty.
The iPhone indicator is more open than in some phones from other manufacturers, which take them in a more protected location, such as under the battery behind the battery cover. These indicators can be triggered during routine use, by owner sweat, steam in the bathroom, and other mild environmental moisture. Critics caused Apple to change its water damage policy for iPhone and similar products, allowing customers to request further internal checks from the phone to verify whether internal fluid damage sensors were triggered.
Included items
All iPhone models include written documentation, and dock connector to USB cable. The first generation and iPhone 3G is also equipped with a cleaning cloth. The first-generation iPhone includes stereo headsets (earbuds and microphones) and plastic docks to hold the unit during charging and alignment. The iPhone 3G includes a similar headset plus a SIM release tool (the first generation model requires a paper clip). The iPhone 3GS includes a SIM removable device and a revised headset, which adds a volume button (not working with the previous iPhone version).
The iPhone 3G and 3GS are compatible with the same dock, sold separately, but not the first generation dock model. All versions include a USB power adapter, or "wall charger", which allows the iPhone to charge from an AC outlet. The iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS are sold in North America, Japan, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru including the ultracompact USB power adapter.
Payments
In September 2014, with the launch of iPhone 6, Apple announced Apple Pay, a mobile payment system. This feature aims to "revolutionize" the way users pay, using NFC chips, touch ID fingerprint scanners (Face ID on iPhone X), Apple Wallet apps and special "Element Safe" chips for encrypted payment information to make in-store purchases. participate, both physically and online.
Software
The iPhone runs an operating system known as iOS (formerly iPhone OS). This is a variant of the core Darwin operating system found in macOS. Also includes the software component "Core Animation" from Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard. Together with PowerVR hardware (and on iPhone 3GS, OpenGL ES 2.0), it's responsible for interface motion graphics. The iPhone comes with a set of packaged apps developed by Apple, and supports downloading of third party apps through the App Store.
Apple provides free updates to the operating system for the iPhone either wirelessly or through iTunes. Huge new updates have been accompanied by new models.
The size of the operating system depends on the version. While iOS 8 requires more than 4.5 GB, the replacement requires only 1.3 GB.
Interface
The interface is based around the home screen, a graphical list of available apps. IPhone applications usually run one by one. Starting with iPhone 4, the primitive version of multitasking comes into play. Users can double-click the home button to select newly opened applications. However, the app never runs in the background. Starting with iOS 7, though, the app can be completely multitask, and any open apps run in the background when not in use, although most functions are still available while on a call or listening to music. The home screen can be accessed by a hardware button at the bottom of the screen on all expected models for iPhone X where the user must swipe up.
The original iPhone contains the following applications: Messages (SMS and MMS messages), Calendar, Photos, Cameras, YouTube, Shares, Maps (Google Maps), Weather, Voice Memo, Notes, Clock, Calculator, Settings, and iTunes (shop). App Store introduced for iPhone 3GS and iPhone 4. Compass, FaceTime and GameCenter added in iOS 4 and 4.1 respectively. On iOS 5, Reminders and Newsstand is added, and the iPod app is divided into separate Music and Video apps. iOS 6 adds Passbook as well as the latest version of Maps that relies on data provided by TomTom as well as other sources. YouTube is no longer present as a pre-installed app.
Anchored at the bottom of the screen, four icons for Phone, Mail, Safari (Internet), and Music illustrate the iPhone's primary purpose. On January 15, 2008, Apple released a 1.1.3 software update, allowing users to create "Web Clips", an initial screen icon that resembles an application that opens a user-specified page in Safari. After the update, iPhone users can rearrange and place the icon (by holding any icon and move it to the desired location after they start to vibrate) on up to nine other adjacent home screens, accessed by swiping horizontally.
Users can also add and remove icons from the same dock on each home screen. Each home screen holds up to twenty icons for the first generation iPhone, 3G, 4 and 4S, while every home screen for iPhone 5 holds up to twenty-four icons because of the bigger screen, and the dock holds up to four icons. Users can remove Web Clips and third-party apps at any time, and may select only certain apps for transfer from iTunes. Apple's default program, can only be removed since iOS update 10. Update 3.0 adds a whole system search, known as Spotlight, to the left of the first home screen.
Almost all inputs are provided via a touch screen, which understands complex movements using multi-touch. The iPhone interaction technique allows users to move content up or down with the touch-drag gesture of a finger. For example, zooming in and out of web pages and photos is done by placing two fingers on the screen and spreading them further apart or closer to them, a movement known as "pinching".
Scrolling through a long list or menu can be done by sliding your finger across the screen from the bottom up, or back to back. In both cases, the list moves as if placed on the outer surface of the wheel, slowly slowing down as if affected by friction. In this way, the interface simulates real object physics. Unlike previously scrolled views, where the user presses the "down" control to move the "down" view, the user's iOS pushes up , as if removing "floating wooden boards over water", creating the impression that users are directly manipulating the content displayed on the screen.
Other user-centered interactive effects include horizontal shear sub-selections, keyboard menus and vertical bookmarks, and spinning widgets to allow configurable settings on the other side. The menu bar is found at the top and bottom of the screen when needed. Their choices vary by program, but always follow a consistent style motif. In the menu hierarchy, the "back" button in the top left corner of the screen will display the name of the parent folder.
Phone
The iPhone allows audio conferencing, phone calls, call combinations, caller ID, and integration with other mobile network features and iPhone functions. For example, if music plays when a call is received, the music fades, and fades back when the call has ended.
The proximity sensor closes the screen and touches sensitive circuits when the iPhone is brought close to the face, both to conserve battery life and prevent accidental touch. The iPhone does not support video calling or video conferencing on versions before the fourth generation, as there is only one camera on the opposite side of the screen.
IPhone 4 supports video calling using front or rear camera via Wi-Fi, a feature called Apple FaceTime. Voice control, introduced in the iPhone 3GS, lets users name names or contact numbers and the iPhone will call them. The first two models only support voice calls through third-party applications.
The iPhone includes a visual voicemail feature (in some countries) that allows users to view the list of voicemail messages currently on the screen without having to call their voicemail. Unlike most other systems, messages can be heard and deleted in non-chronological order by selecting any message from the on-screen list.
The music ringtone feature was introduced in the United States on September 5, 2007. Users can create customized ringtones from songs purchased from the iTunes Store at little additional cost. A ringtone can be a duration of three to 30 seconds from any part of a song, can fade in and out, pause from half second to five seconds when looped, or loop continuously. All adjustments can be made in iTunes, or with Apple GarageBand 4.1.1 or later (available only in Mac OS X) or third-party tools.
With the release of iOS 6, released on September 19, 2012, Apple added a feature that allows users to have the option to reject a phone call when someone calls them. Users can reply with messages, or set reminders to call them back later.
Multimedia
The layout of the music library is similar to the iPod. IPhone can sort its media library with songs, artists, albums, videos, playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audiobooks, and compilations. Options are presented alphabetically, except in playlists, which retain their order from iTunes. The iPhone uses a large font that allows the user plenty of room to touch their selection.
Users can rotate their device horizontally to landscape mode to access Cover Flow. As in iTunes, this feature shows a different album cover in the scroll-through photo library. Scrolling is done by swiping a finger across the screen. Alternatively, headset control can be used to pause, play, jump, and repeat tracks. On iPhone 3GS, the volume can be changed with Apple Earphone included, and the Voice Control feature can be used to identify tracks, play songs in a playlist or by a particular artist, or create Genius playlists.
The iPhone supports playback without loopholes. Like the fifth-generation iPod introduced in 2005, the iPhone can play digital video, allowing users to watch TV shows and movies on the big screen. Double-tapping switch between widescreen video playback and full screen.
IPhone allows users to buy and download songs from iTunes Store directly to their iPhone. This feature originally required a Wi-Fi network, but since 2012, it can be used on mobile data networks.
The iPhone includes software that allows users to upload, view, and send photos via camera. Users zoom in and out of photos by sliding two fingers farther or closer, like Safari. The camera app also lets users view the camera roll, the pictures that have been taken with the iPhone camera. The photos are also available in the Photos app, along with anything transferred from iPhoto or Aperture on a Mac, or Photoshop on a Windows PC.
Internet connectivity
Internet access is available when the iPhone is connected to a local area of ​​Wi-Fi or a wide area of ​​GSM or EDGE networks, both standard 2G wireless data standards. IPhone 3G introduces support for third generation UMTS and HSDPA 3.6, iPhone 4S introduces support for HSUPA network (14.4 Mbit/s), and support for HSDPA 7.2 introduced on iPhone 3GS. Networks accessible from the iPhone model include 1xRTT (represented by 1ÃÆ'â € "in the status bar) and GPRS (shown as GPRS in the status bar), EDGE (displayed as capital letter E in the status bar), UMTS and EV-DO (shown) as 3G), faster versions of UMTS and 4G (shown as 4G symbols in the status bar), and LTE (shown as LTE on the status bar).
AT & amp; T introduced 3G in July 2004, but by the end of 2007, Steve Jobs stated that it was still not extensive enough in the US, and the chipset was not energy efficient enough, to be included in the iPhone. Support for 802.1X, an authentication system commonly used by universities and corporate Wi-Fi networks, has been added in version 2.0 updates.
By default, iPhone will ask to join the newly discovered Wi-Fi network and request a password when needed. Or, it can join a closed Wi-Fi network manually. The iPhone will automatically select the strongest network, connect to Wi-Fi instead of EDGE when available. Similarly, iPhone 3G and beyond prefer 3G to 2G, and Wi-Fi is good.
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 3G (on iPhone 3G and beyond) can all be disabled individually. Airplane mode disables all wireless connections at once, overriding other preferences. However, once in Airplane mode, one can explicitly enable Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth modes to join and continue operating through one or both of these networks while the cellular network transceiver remains off.
Safari is the original iPhone web browser, and it shows pages similar to Mac and Windows. Web pages can be viewed in portrait or landscape mode and the device supports automatic zoom by pinching together or spreading the fingertips on the screen, or by tapping text or image twice. Safari does not allow file downloads except for predefined extensions.
The iPhone does not support Flash, which is still popular when iPhone is introduced. As a result, the UK Advertising Standards Authority ruled that ads claiming the iPhone could access "all parts of the internet" should be withdrawn in their current form, on the basis of false advertising. In a rare public letter in April 2010, Apple CEO Steve Jobs outlined the reason behind the absence of Flash on iPhone (and iPad). The iPhone supports SVG, CSS, HTML Canvas, and Bonjour. Google Chrome was introduced to iOS on June 26, 2012, and Opera Mini is also available.
Maps apps can access Google Maps in the form of maps, satellites, or hybrids. It can also generate directions between two locations, while providing optional real-time traffic information. During the iPhone announcement, Jobs demonstrated this feature by locating the nearest Starbucks and then placing a prank call to one with a single tap. Support for walking directions, public transit, and street views is added in software update version 2.2, but there is no voice guidance navigation.
IPhone 3GS and iPhone 4 can direct the map with its digital compass. Apple also developed a separate app to view YouTube videos on the iPhone, which stream videos after encoding them using H.264 codecs. Simple weather and stock quotation applications also take advantage of the internet.
IPhone users can and often access the Internet, and in various places. According to Google, in 2008, the iPhone generated 50 times more search requests than any other mobile handset. According to Deutsche Telekom CEO RenÃÆ'Â © Obermann, "The average internet usage for iPhone customers is over 100 megabytes.This is 30 times usage for our average contract-based consumer customers." Nielsen found that 98% of iPhone users use data services, and 88% use the internet. In China, iPhone 3G and iPhone 3GS are built and distributed without Wi-Fi.
With the introduction of the Verizon iPhone in January 2011, the issue of internet usage while on the phone was brought to the public's attention. Under two US carriers, the internet and phone can be used simultaneously on the AT & T network; while Verizon's network only supports the use of each separately.
However, by 2014, Verizon announced that iPhone 6 and 6 Plus will enable simultaneous voice and data over its LTE Network. T-Mobile and Sprint have enabled calls over Wi-Fi, with Verizon and AT & amp; T immediately did the same.
Text input
For text input, iPhone implements a virtual keyboard on the touch screen. It has spell check and automatic spell correction, predictive word capability, and dynamic dictionary that learns new words. The keyboard can predict what word the user typed and solve it, and corrects accidental keypresses near the key
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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