The Lincoln Lincoln is a series of luxury cars manufactured by Lincoln, a division of American automaker Ford Motor Company. It was introduced in 1939 as a private Edsel Ford vehicle, which commissioned Lincoln-Zephyr constructed as a holiday vehicle to attract potential buyers of Lincoln. In what will give the model a line of its name, the exterior is given a European "continental" styling element, including a spare tire mounted on the back. Produced for 55 years in almost eight decades, there are ten generations of Lincoln Continental.
In the Lincoln model line, Continental has served several roles from its flagship to its base sedan; from 1961 to 1976, Lincoln Continental was the only model line sold by the division. As part of a full-scale production entry, the first-ever Lincoln Continental became the ancestor of an entirely new automotive segment, a luxury private car. After World War II, this segment evolved into a larger coupe and convertible than a sports car and a large touring car with an emphasis on luxury and style over handling. From 1956 to 1957, the Continental signboards were also used in the short-lived Continental Division, marketing Continental Mark II 1956-1957 as a flagship Ford Motor Company worldwide; as the second successor, Ford introduced the Continental Mark series in 1969, produced for five generations until 1998.
Along with the model being the last American factory production vehicle with a V12 engine (in 1948), Continental Lincoln was the last example produced as a four-door convertible (in 1967); Lincoln Continental is the last model line for downsizing (in 1979).
Along with the national car production suspension during World War II, Lincoln Continental has been on hiatus twice. For 1981, Continental renamed Lincoln Town Car to make room for the early introduction of Lincoln Continental seventh year 1982. The Lincoln Continental went on hiatus again after 2002 and was eventually replaced by Lincoln MKS in 2009. For the 2017 model year, Continental was turned on back as the flagship sedan model of Lincoln, replacing Lincoln MKS.
Video Lincoln Continental
Edsel Ford prototype (1939)
Lincoln Continental started life as a personal vehicle for Ford Motor Company President Edsel Ford. In 1938, Ford commissioned the one design he wanted for his March 1939 vacation from the company's Stylist Chief Eugene T. "Bob" Gregorie. Using a slim Lincoln-Zephyr blueprint as a starting point, Gregorie sketched the design for conversion with a redesigned body; allegedly, the initial sketch for the design is completed in one hour.
By the time the work had begun on the first Continental coupe, Lincoln had previously canceled the Lincoln K series coupe, sedan, and limousine, and produced a limited limousine Lincoln Custom, along with the Lincoln-Zephyr coupe and smaller sedan. Mr. Ford wanted to revive the popularity of the 1929-1932 Lincoln Victoria coupe and convertible but with a more modern approach, reflecting European style influences for Continental.
By design, the Edsel Ford prototype can be considered a converted Lincoln-Zephyr converter; Although the vehicle uses a conventional windshield profile, the prototype sits almost 7 inches lower than the standard Lincoln. With a huge drop in height, the board is completely removed. Unlike the Zephyr (and in the massive changes of the K-Series Lincoln), the hood sits almost parallel to the fender. To focus on car styling, chrome trims on cars are mostly limited to the grille; instead of the doorknob, the pushbutton opens the door. Like Lincoln-Zephyr, this prototype is equipped with a 267 cubic inch V12 engine; it is equipped with sprung leaf front and rear springs and hydraulic drum brakes.
This design will introduce two old features used in many American car designs. The modified body provides a new proportion of design over its Zephyr counterpart; with the hoodline sitting lower over the V12 engine and the passenger compartment moving backwards, the prototype has more in common with the classic era of "deck long, short deck" body configuration than being a strict adherent of contemporary streamlined modernline design trends. As a result of smaller luggage space, spare tires are installed behind the trunk; While disappearing in American cars, externally closed spare tires remain a feature of European production cars.
The prototype designed by Gregorie was produced on time, making the deadline to be shipped to Edsel Ford in Florida. The interest of rich friends is quite high; Edsel sent a telegram back to Michigan that he could sell a thousand of them. With regard to its European-inspired design, the Lincoln-based prototype received its name: Continental.
Soon, production began in Lincoln Continental, with the majority of production being "Cabriolet" convertible and the number of coupes rare. They built a lot of hands; two dozen models of 1939 and 400 1940-built examples built with hand-hammered body panels; die for machine-pressing was not built until 1941. The limited number of 1939 generated models is usually referred to as '1940 Continentals'.
Maps Lincoln Continental
First generation (1939-48)
Lincoln Continentals 1939-1941 share most of the same body designs with each other; based on Lincoln-Zephyr, Continental received some updates from year to year.
For the 1942 model, all Lincoln models were given layered fenders, and the grille was revised. The result is a boxer, a rather heavy appearance according to current design trends, but may be less elegant in retrospect. Production in 1942 was shortened, following the entry of the United States into World War II; an attack on Pearl Harbor led to a suspension of car production for civilian use.
After World War II, Lincoln Ford's division restored Continental to production as a 1946 model; Lincoln dropped the Zephyr nomenclature after the war, so the postwar Continental came from a standard Lincoln (internal H-Series). To attract buyers, the design is refreshed with an updated trim, which is distinguished by the new grille. For 1947, walnut wood trim was added to the interior.
Following the death of Edsel Ford in 1943, Ford Motor Company reorganized its corporate management structure, leading to the departure of 1946 Continental designer Bob Gregorie. 1948 will be the last year for Continental, as the division seeks to redevelop the new model path of 1949 as an upgraded version of Mercury; expensive luxury cars no longer have a role in Lincoln.
The 1939-1948 Continental is recognized as "Full Classic" by Classic Car Club of America, one of the last built cars to be recognized. By 2015, Lincoln Continental in 1948 and Lincoln in 1948 were the last cars manufactured and sold by major US automakers with a V12 engine.
Media related to Lincoln Continental (first generation) on Wikimedia Commons Second generation (1956-57) Second generation (1956-57) >
After eight years of absence, for the 1956 model, the Continental's license plate returned; to launch vehicles, Ford created a Continental division that revolves around its new flagship vehicle. To once again highlight European influence from the original Continental, Ford commissioned the suffix "Mark II" to the new Continental (also in an attempt to distinguish itself from a similar Bentley Continental). Slotted (far) over Lincoln-Mercury, the Continentals will be marketed and serviced through the Lincoln dealer network.
At its launch in 1956, Continental Mark II was the most expensive car sold by domestic manufacturers in the United States, rivaling the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud. With $ 10,000, Mark II (equivalent to nearly $ 90,000 in 2016) costs the same as five Ford Customlines. With a large number of power-equipment features included, Mark II is offered with one option: $ 595 for air conditioning.
Sharing a 126-inch wheelbase with Lincoln Capri and Lincoln Premiere, the Mark II is assembled with its own body panels and interiors; every vehicle is made by hand, with hand-sanding and finishing body panels. In some of its design elements, Mark II broke from an American-style precedent. Like Rolls-Royce or Mercedes-Benz 300d, Mark II basically limits chrome trim to trim windows, grille, and bumpers. With an almost flat and trunklid hood, Mark II is also designed with no tailfins (prominent in the American sedan) or pontoon fender (then currently in Europe). "Continental tire absorber" returns, in part as a functional design feature; Spare tires on Mark II are mounted vertically, requiring a spike tire bulge in the trunklid.
In total, 2,996 Continental Mark IIs were produced (including two prototype convertibles). As a consequence of an almost hand-built construction, Ford estimates losing nearly $ 1000 on every Continental Mark II produced. After 1957, Mark II was stopped; Continental Division is branded as a competitor to Imperial and Cadillac (rather than Rolls-Royce and Bentley).
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Third generation (1958-60)
To build a better business case for its flagship and division that markets vehicles, for 1958, Ford Motor Company made major changes to the Continental Division. To expand its sales potential, Ford requires Continental to reach $ 6,000 (a 40% reduction from Mark II), allowing divisions to better compete against Cadillac Eldorado and Imperial LeBaron. To enable production on a larger scale, the Continental model line is more integrated with Lincoln, distinct mainly in the roofline, trim, and grille.
In 1959, Ford ended the Continental Division; the model line lived until 1960 with Lincoln.
Development
To facilitate the continuation of the Continental model line, the division was forced to abandon handmade construction. Sharing the common chassis and many of the exterior of Lincoln Premiere, Continental production shifted to the then new Wixom Assembly factory.
To separate from Lincoln, along with a special division grille, all Continental versions (including convertibles) are laid out with backslashes, complemented by retractable "breezeway" rear windows. First introduced in the 1957 Mercury Turnpike Cruiser, this feature allows to add interior ventilation (along with air conditioning). Continental Mark III was designed by John Najjar, Head of the Stylist of Lincoln, assisted by Elwood Engel. Engel will be the 1959 Mark IV style, with Don Delarossa (who replaced Najjar as Lincoln Chief Stylist in 1957) developed the 1960 Mark V. Dubbed the "slanted-eyed monsters" in Ford's design studio, 1958-1960 Continentals and Lincolns will be one of the largest vehicles ever built by Ford Motor Company
Chassis/Body
The 1958-1960 Continental Mark III-V is built on the same chassis used by Lincoln Capri and Lincoln Premiere. For 1958, Lincoln split from Mercury in body design, with Lincoln adopting a unibody construction for the first time; Continental shares bodies along with Premiere, with the exception of a backslash.
Divided with Lincoln, Mercury, and Ford Thunderbird, the Continental Mark III-Mark V is equipped with a 430 cubic-inch MEL V8 engine; 3-speed Turbo-Drive is the only automatic transmission. In 1958, the engine produced 375 hp, and returned to 350hp in 1959, making 315 hp in 1960.
Using a 131-inch wheelbase, the 1958 Continentals is the longest wheelbase sedan ever built by Ford Motor Company. Longer than Ford Excursion, The 1958-1960 Continentals is the longest sedan ever produced by Ford without a 5mph bumper. Convertor Continental III III in 1958 is the longest convertible ever mass produced in the United States, with the only exception (very rare) 1934-1937 Cadillac V16 convertibles.
Model
In line with the tradition of naming the previous continents, Continental introduced the model line of 1958 as Mark III. In the break from previous generations, each year the model is given a separate name.
Mark III (1958)
For 1958, Continental released Mark III in four bodystyles, including a 2-door hardtop and convertible, a 4-door pillared sedan, and a four-door hardtop sedan (called Landau). Though much cheaper than Mark II, the Mark III remains well-equipped, retaining air conditioning as an option (moving from ceiling to dashboard). Mark III became the first Ford Motor Company vehicle to offer FM radio tuners (as a rarely ordered option). The unique option is "Auto Lube", which allows the car to lubricate itself (as long as the oil reservoir remains full).
Mark IV (1959)
For 1959, Continental Mark IV saw minor changes, with the removal of Dagmars from the front bumper. Coinciding with the end of the Continental Division, the "Fender Continental III" badge was replaced with a separate "Continental" and "Mark IV" badge. The grille was fixed slightly, with the cluster of headlights integrated into the egg grille.
Mark V (1960)
For 1960, Continental Mark V saw another styling update, with a flatter front bumper (with Dagmars). The Continental badging was restyled, with "Mark V" badging moving into the rear fender. On the front fenders, some horizontal chrome pieces are added. Using the same layout as Mark IV, Mark V was given a restored grille.
City Car/Limousine
Along with Mark III, IV, and V, there are two additional models from the third-generation Continental. In 1959, Lincoln added Limousine and Town Car bodystyles; the latter marking the first use of Town Car names by Lincoln. Available only in black, both versions are built with a formal back roof of the model with a layered roof; Limousine displays the partition between the front and rear seats. Rooftop Line City Cars and Limousines are designed in an effort to avoid extending the wheelbase; removal of the reverse-tilt rear window allows the rear seat to be moved back a few inches.
The 1959-1960 Town Car and Limousine is one of Lincoln's rarest vehicles ever sold; only 214 examples of City Cars for $ 9,200 were produced and only 83 samples of $ 10,200 Limousines were produced.
Reusing the name plate
Almost 40% lower in price than Continental Mark II, Mark III will continue to sell better than the Mark II predecessors. From 1958 to 1960, the Lincoln Division would lose more than $ 60 million; along with the launch of newly developed vehicles in a recessionary economy (factors contributing to the fall of the Edsel line), Lincoln and Continental are faced with overcoming the cost of developing vehicles divided by Ford or Mercury.
In 1961, when Lincoln redesigned its model line, Continental changed from Lincoln to the only model sold by the division (for the next 16 years). In the mid-1960s, Ford made the decision to develop a new successor to Mark II, calling it Continental Mark III, effectively starting the Mark series. Like Mark II and 1958-1960 Continentals, it was sold, marketed, and serviced by Lincoln, though not officially labeled as such. As part of the launch, the existence of Continental Mark III in 1958 which shares its name is greatly underestimated; the second nickname for this generation dubbed "The forgotten mark"
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Fourth generation (1961-69)
For the 1961 model, the Lincoln range is consolidated into one model. After a $ 60 million loss to develop the 1958-1960 car, all models were replaced by the new Lincoln Continental. Making his first appearance since 1948, the fourth generation is available only as a four-door sedan and can be converted until 'refreshment in 1966.
Although shedding almost 15 inches long and 8 inches in wheelbase over its predecessor Lincoln Continental Mark V 1960s, the new model remains heavier than that of Cadillac or Imperial counterparts. The solid construction and rigorous post-demolition inspection of each vehicle reflects Ford's management commitment to making the best mass-produced domestic car of its time - an enviable reputation it earns.
Development
The fourth-generation Lincoln Continental was laid out by Ford design vice president Elwood Engel. In mid-1958, Lincoln battled the Cadillac, with a lack of profitability that put the future of the division at risk. In 1958, Engel developed a proposal for Ford Thunderbird in 1961 with staff of Howard Payne and John Orfe in 1958. While the proposal was not selected for Thunderbird, Ford's executive design was drawn to the point of wanting the vehicle as a four-door Lincoln.
At the time of approval, Ford product planners have reached two important conclusions to return the Lincoln Division to profitability. First, to instill continuity of design, Lincoln will adopt a different model cycle from Ford or Mercury, moving from three years to eight or nine. Second, the Lincoln 1958 model line is too large for a long standard sedan; consequently, Lincoln 1961 had to reduce its external footprint.
Chassis
The fourth generation Continental drove a stretch version of the unibody platform manufactured for Thunderbird 1961, extended into a 123-inch wheelbase From 1961 to 1963. It was extended to 126 inches from 1964 to 1969.
The only engine available was 430Ã, Â ° C at (7.0 Â ·) MEL V8 brought from Mark V. It expanded to 462 cubic inches in 1966, becoming the largest displacement engine ever used in Ford Motor passenger cars Company. A new machine, 460 cuÃ, in (7.5Ã, L) 385-series -based V8, took its place in 1969, was shared with Continental Mark III. All Continental versions are equipped with 3-speed automatic transmission.
Body
At the launch of 1961, the fourth generation Lincoln Continental was offered as only four doors, either as a sedan or convertible. For the first time in Lincoln since 1951, the rear hinged door (the suicide door). To alert the driver of the open door, Lincoln put a dashboard with a "Door to Teach" warning light (as seen in many modern cars). Latching together on a B-pillar with a vacuum-operated central locking system, convertible using a hidden pillar while the sedan is a "pillared hardtop". In configuration, thin B pillars support the roof structure while all four doors use glass without borders (in hardtop or conversion style); the layout will be used by some Ford Motor Company sedans during the 1960s and 1970s.
In what would become the first (and last) four-door convertible of the great American manufacturer after World War II, the Lincoln Continental convertible was fitted with power operated on all instances. Relying on the mechanics of the Ford Fairlane 500 Skyliner hardwood converter, Continental comes with a cloth roof that is stored beneath a hinged rear trunklid. In the same way as Skyliner, to access the trunk for storage, the trunklid is opened electrically (without raising or lowering the roof).
Another feature is the popular "Tilt-Away" steering column, borrowed from Thunderbird, which is modified to both adjust for vertical and long adjustments.
Timeline model
During production, the fourth generation Lincoln Continental will be produced in three versions, undergoing model revisions in 1964 and 1966.
1961-1963
The 1961 Lincoln Continental was introduced with a four-door sedan and a four-door conversion version, replacing Lincoln Premiere and Lincoln Continental Mark V. For the first time in a car manufactured in the United States, Lincoln Continental was sold with a 2-year/24,000 km (39,000 km) bumper warranty to the bumper. California Walnut veneer is used on door and instrument panel.
For 1962, a simpler front grille design with a floating rectangle and a thin center bar was adopted.
For 1963, Continental underwent some functional updates. The front seats are modified in an effort to improve the rear seat leg room. To increase the luggage space, the trunklid is reshaped. In line with a number of vehicles in the United States, the charging system introduces an alternator, replacing the generator.
1964-1965
For 1964, Lincoln Continental underwent a redesign of its first middleweight cycle. In addition to styling updates, some functional changes are focused on increasing the rear seat space. The wheelbase is increased from 123 to 126 inches, shifting the rear seat to the rear. The roof line undergoes some changes, with the adoption of flat side glass (replacing the curved window glass). To increase the rear headroom, the rear roofline becomes square addition, in notchback style.
In a little restyling exterior, to eliminate the appearance of "electric shaver", the front fascia adds a vertical chrome accent to the grille; the rear grille has been removed altogether (move the refueling door to the left rear fender)
In 1964, Lincoln debuted the Brougham Continental Town concept car, which had a 131 in wheelbase, overall length at 221.3, and had a retractable glass partition between the front and rear compartments, with an open area over the front compartment, in 1930 -an typical. style appearance of city car/brougham.
For 1965, Lincoln made additional updates to Continental. In a stylistic change, the convex "electric shaver" front fascia is replaced with a new blunt hood with a flat grid design. As part of the redesign, the front turn signal and parking lights are moved from the front bumper to the cover lens on the front fender, with the same parking lights/turning signals at the rear. To improve braking capability, Continental was given Kelsey-Hayes discs for the front wheels; In addition, the front seat belt with the retractor becomes standard. To improve reliability, Lincoln added an oil pressure gauge.
1966-1969
For 1966, fourth generation Lincoln Continental underwent a second mid-cycle re-design. To better compete against Cadillac Coupe de Ville and Imperial Crown Coupe, Lincoln introduced its first two-door sedan since 1960. Two doors are designed as hardtop without pillars, although convertibles are still offered only as four doors. In an effort to increase sales of a five-year model span, Lincoln reduced the price of Continental to nearly $ 600 from 1965 while keeping equipment levels steady. Marketing decisions proved successful; driven by the introduction of two-door bodystyle, various models increase sales by 36%.
While following most of the 1965 restyling (mainly distinguished by the new grille and the addition of "Continental" to the hood), the Lincoln Continental 1966 wore all new bodies, growing 5 inches longer, and nearly one inch higher and wider. The curved side glass is made back (with tumblehome less obvious, to increase interior space). To offer larger engines than the Imperial (440 cubic inches in 1966) or Cadillac (429 cubic inches, 472 cubic inches in 1968), the 430 V8 was enlarged to 462 cubic inches.
Convertibility underwent several revisions of the equipment for the first time, added a rear window glass and a top mechanism of adding a second hydraulic pump to open a convertible roof and trunklid (making the two systems separate); The hydraulic solenoids are removed from the upper mechanism. The interior underwent several revisions, adding oblique steering and 8-track tape player as an option.
For 1967, Lincoln Continental was given little trim updates, with the removal of the Lincoln star symbol from the front fenders to the greatest change. Some functional changes were made, as Lincoln added a number of indicator lights to the dashboard. Along with oil pressure warning lights, the dashboard is given indicator lights for open trunk and control of shipping (if on). After the federal safety mandate, safety belt safety lap becomes standard equipment, coupled with a steering column that absorbs energy.
After years of sales decline, 1967 marked the last year of the Lincoln Continental converter, with only 2,276 sold. After becoming the first four-door convertible sold after World War II, Lincoln Continental would be the final (per year 2018 model) of its kind sold by American manufacturers. As a result of many reinforcement frames (compared to sedans), 5.712 pounds The 1967 Lincoln Continental convertible is one of the heaviest passenger cars ever sold by Ford Motor Company.
For 1968, some updates were made to Continental, primarily in response to the federal security mandate. To meet the requirements of the side marker light, the cover lens is returned to the fender; the front turn signal is laid out similar to the Continental Mark III. The words "Continental" are removed from the front fascia, replaced by the Lincoln star symbol (as seen on the back); ornament hood removed, to anticipate federal ban on features (which never apply). For the interior, a torso safety belt is added to the front seat.
Intended as a 1968 introduction, the all-new 460 cubic-inch 385-series/Five V8 is shared with the Mark III, introduced as an early 1969 model. However, the 462 engine supply is enough to last through most of the year's models, prompting the introduction of 460 at Continental towards the end year model.
For 1968, Lincoln made several stylistic changes to Continental. To meet federal safety standards, parking lights, rear lights and turning signals are returned to the cover design on fenders to meet Federal standards for side marker lights. For the outboard front seat, shoulder belts are added. The new Ford 385 460 cuà (inert) engine will be available at the start of the model year, but there are so many 462 cu in (7.57 × l) Ford MEL engine engines still available, 460 gradually later that year. In April, the new Mark III debuted, as a model in 1969. Total sales would drop to just 39,134.
For 1969, several changes were made in the final year of production. To comply with federal regulations, the front seat is updated with head restrictions for outboard passengers. The front fascia was renewed, with the grille growing for the first time since 1965, with the words "Continental" back above the grille. Divided by Mark III, the 460 V8 became a single engine for Lincoln Continental, paired with a Ford C6 3-speed automatic transmission.
Setelah sembilan tahun absen, nama Town Car kembali pada tahun 1969 sebagai bagian dari paket pilihan trim interior untuk Continental.
Mobil kenegaraan presiden
The Secret Service earned two versions of the fourth generation Lincoln Continental to be used as a state car of the Presidency, serving from 1961 to 1977.
SS-100-X is a 1961 Lincoln Continental limousine modified by Hess & amp; Eisenhardt of Cincinnati, Ohio. Designed as an open car with a series of peaks for bad weather, the car was rebuilt with permanent roofing, armouring and bulletproof glass after the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy. Furthermore, all US presidential limousines have been built as armored vehicles.
Secret Service bought Lincoln Lincoln limousine in 1969 for Richard Nixon; despite armored vehicles, the limousine roof was designed with a sunroof to allow President Nixon to stand in the vehicle to greet the crowds at the motorcade.
In media
The Continental generation is favored by collectors and has appeared in many films, such as Goldfinger, The Matrix, Last Heroes , California , Spider-Man 2 , Hit and Run , Animal House , and the Inspector Gadget movie. It has also appeared on the television series Pushing Daisies, in the opening sequence of the television series Entourage, and as the vehicle of choice for Michael Chiklis character Vincent Savino in this series. Vegas . In the television sitcom CBS Green Acres (1965-1971), where the cars were equipped by Ford, the main character Oliver Wendell Douglas (Eddie Albert) was shown driving a 1965 Continental convertible and later on. the episode has a 1967 model. Perry Mason is also driving a fourth-generation Continental convertible in many episodes; here also the cars are equipped by Ford. The 1968 variant is also featured as the main character in the Interstate '76 video game. Sales
Media associated with Lincoln Continental (fourth generation) at Wikimedia Commons
The fifth generation (1970-79)
For the 1970 model year, Lincoln introduced the fifth-century Lincoln Continental. Building upon the success of Mark III introduced the year before, Lincoln sought to modernize Continental for the 1970s after a nine-year run.
Though shorter in the wheelbase and slightly narrower than 1958-1960 Lincolns, the addition of 5-mph bumper made 1977-1979 the longest car ever produced by Ford Motor Company.
Chassis
Lincoln Continental's fifth generation is based on body-on-frame construction, the first Lincoln to do since 1957. To save engineering and development costs, Continental is no longer given its own chassis, instead of being given a longer wheelbase Mercury Marquis chassis version (extending from 124 inches to 127 inches, 1974-1979 vehicles receiving 127.2-inch wheelbase).
Divided by LTD and Marquis, Continental is equipped with coil springs in all four corners. From 1970 to 1974, Continental was equipped with front discs and rear drum brakes; from 1975 to 1979, four-wheel disc brakes are available.
V8 460 cubic inches back as standard engine, became available from 1970 to 1977; From 1970 to 1972, 460 remained exclusively for Lincoln. In an effort to improve fuel economy and adhere to emissions standards, Lincoln added a 400 cubic inch V8 to California for 1977, with the remaining 460 available in 49 states. For 1978, 400 became the standard (with 460 as an option), with the 460 discontinued for 1979. Both engines were paired with a Ford C6 3-speed automatic transmission.
Body
In a major departure from its fourth-generation predecessor, the Lincoln-based Marquis Lincoln Continental framework forced the sedan to leave a "suicide door" for conventional front-hung doors. Like its predecessor and Mercury Marquis, Lincoln Continental is offered as a two-door hardtop and as a four-door "pillared hardtop" sedan (B-pillar with a glass door without a frame). Unlike Ford or Mercury, no two-door Lincoln convertibles were introduced.
Divided by Mark series, the fifth-century Continental is equipped with vacuum-operated recessed headlights; as fail-safe, the headlamp door is designed to open in case of failure (dashboard indicator light indicates its status).
Timeline model
During production, Lincoln Continental's fifth generation was sold in two versions, with major revisions in 1975.
Following the downsizing of full-size General Motors and Chrysler product lines, Lincoln Continental became the world's largest mass-market car produced worldwide for the 1977 model. It was surpassed only by specially-made limousines like the long wheelbase version of the Mercedes-Benz 600, Rolls-Royce Phantom VI , and a long-wheelbase version of ZIL-4104. Following the 1979 Reduction of Ford LTD and Mercury Marquis, Lincoln Continental is marketed as the last "traditional" or "big" sedan in the United States.
1970-1974
For 1970, Lincoln introduced a redesigned two-door Continental, Continental four-door and Continental Town Car; sold only as four doors, City Car distinguished by the vinyl roof.
For 1971, the grille underwent minor style changes, partly in an effort to further differentiate Continental from Mercury Marquis. The grille and front door lights are redesigned, with the latter painted with body color. The rear-wheel ABS brake (called Sure-Trak) is optional.
For 1972, some functional changes were made, when 460 V8 decreased in compression; Although intended to reduce emissions and adapt to unleaded gasoline, the output drops from 365 to 224 hp. Lincoln's exclusive engine tradition ended, when Mercury began using 460 at Mercury Marquis and Colony Park as an option. Minor style changes are made, such as grille and re-arranged fenders; to further separate Continental from Mark IV, Lincoln again introduced the chrome fender trim. For the first time since 1967, Continental is equipped with hood ornaments. On the inside, more room for the rear seat legs is added.
For 1973, Lincoln Continental was faced with federal crash regulations as it was equipped with a 5-mph front bumper. While a number of vehicles underwent significant revisions to comply with regulations, Continental was able to meet the standards by moving the front bumper a few inches forward and adjusting it to the rubber impact overlap. The rear bumper is modified in the same way, with a rating of 2 1/2 mph; in total, Continental gained a length of nearly 5 inches.
As a partner of Continental Town Car, the two-door Continental City Coupe was introduced. In the same way as Town Car, Town Coupe is distinguished from the top of the vinyl layered.
For 1974, Lincoln Continental was given a new grille, moving from the style of the eggs to the design of the waterfall. As part of federal regulations, a 5-mph bumper is added to the rear, leading to a redesign of the rear bumper; taillamps are moved from inside the bumper onto it.
1975-1979
After 5 years in the market, Lincoln made extensive revisions to Continental. Coinciding with the introduction of the Mercury Grand Marquis in 1975, Lincoln and Mercury sought to visually distinguish two lines of their ship model, regardless of their mechanical similarity. As part of the revision, Lincoln Continental was able to adopt a higher level of style similarity with Continental Mark IV.
For 1975, the Lincoln Continental exterior underwent a major revision. Although the body under the beltline only sees minor changes (redesigned rear lights in Mark IV style), the roofline is completely restyled. To separate from Mark IV, the two-door Continental/Town Coupe adopted a fully polished roofline with a square opera window on the C-pillar. In place of a pillared hardtop along with Mercury Marquis and Ford LTD, the Continental/Town four-door car adopts a broad B-pillar; to distinguish himself from Cadillac Sixty Special Brougham; Town Cars were given an oval opera window introduced at Mark IV.
Along with the improved style, the 1975 Lincoln received a major improvement for the braking system. Designed by Bendix, Lincoln Continental became one of the first American cars to be equipped with a 4-wheel disc brake system (as an option). To further improve the emission performance of the 460 V8, the engine is equipped with a catalytic converter, ending its compatibility with regular leaded petrol.
For 1976, the exterior remained essentially the same as the previous year (marking the year's first styling carryover for Lincoln since 1963). In an effort to more competitive Continental prices, Lincoln removed a number of previously standard features, making them an additional cost option.
For 1977, Lincoln Continental will undergo another revision of the exterior. The wide Mercury-style grille is replaced by a narrower Rolls-Royce radiator-style grille, almost identical to Mark V (variations of the radiator grille will remain in use at Lincolns until 1997). In other trim revisions, the "Continental" script is removed from the rear fender.
For 1978, the dashboard was renewed for the first time, when Lincoln Continental adopted a revised version of the Mercury Grand Marquis dashboard. In addition to improving the similarity of parts, updates are made to save weight; Mercury dashboard plastic frames are lighter than previous steel frame versions. In the same step, Lincoln redesigned the rear skirt fender, adopting a version that covered a little rear wheel. Along with an optional sliding glass sunroof, the moonroof glass remains with the interior of the blinds introduced (for the first time since 1955 Ford Skyliner).
For 1979, the interior underwent further renewal, as the Mercury-sourced dashboard received additional wood trim. The 460 V8 has been removed from the model line of Lincoln/Mark V completely, leaving 400 V8 as a single engine.
Special edition
Throughout its production, the fifth-century Lincoln Continental was offered with several special edition option packages. Unlike the Markus series, the fifth-century Continental is not offered with the Designer Series edition.
GoldenAniversity_ (1971) Golden Anniversary (1971) Golden Anniversary
To commemorate Lincoln's 50th anniversary in 1971, the Golden Anniversary Town Car was offered as a limited edition option package for Lincoln Continental. Although technically available in 25 paint colors are available for every Lincoln, Golden Anniversary Town Car displays exclusive metallic gold moondust paint colors as an option; 1,040 samples painted with gold moondust color. All examples are vinyl-colored roofs with color-buttoned leather interior (with exclusive trim for package).
Other features include a warning brochure, glove drawer glove mirror, memorial plaque on the dashboard, and 22 carat gold locks presented in a jewelry box. In total, 1,575 samples were produced; Initial production is 1,500 vehicles, with an additional 75 produced exclusively for employees at Ford Motor Company.
From 1977 to 1979, Lincoln sold the Williams Town Edition Continental Town Car. Designated as a cosmetic option package, Williamsburg Edition is the only Continental or Town Car that is sold with two-tone paint; this edition also standardizes a number of options. Along with the two-tone paint, the Williamsburg Edition also includes a full vinyl roof, striped, electric ventilation windows, lighted makeup mirror, and twin "Comfort Lounge Seats".
For 1977, the option package was designed as one of the most conservative versions of Town Car, with no opera windows or coach lights mounted on the roofline. For 1978 and 1979, opera windows and coach lights were added to the roofline. Collector's Series (1979) Collector's Series (1979) Collector's Series (1979) Collector's Series (1979) Collector's Series (1979) Collector's Series (1979)
To commemorate the end of production of Lincoln Continental and Continental Mark V while demonstrating them as the last large "traditional" American sedan and coupe, Lincoln offers Collector's Series for Continental and Mark V Like its Mark V partner Continental Collector's Series is basically equipped with every feature available as standard equipment. Only four options are available for Collector's Series: power moonroof, CB 40 channel radio, anti-lock "Sure-Track" brakes, and luxury Kashmir interior (instead of leather). The Continental Collector's Series could reach $ 18,000 ($ 60,693 in current dollars) when complete; at Ford Motor Company, it was only surpassed by a $ 22,000 Mark V Collector colleague at the time.
Together with four options, the Continental Collector's Series is produced in four colors: dark blue, white and limited edition blue medium (197 built) and bright silver (125 built) with dark blue vinyl top.
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Sixth Generation (1980)
With the forthcoming adoption of federal fuel economy standards (CAFE) that made large cars in the 1970s a potential financial threat to Ford Motor Company, full-size cars from all of its divisions were downsized for the 1979 model. For various reasons, delays pushed the release of the Lincoln model line down to 1980, three years after the downsizing of Cadillac counterparts.
Downsizing done in 1980 Lincoln and Mark provided Lincoln with the best year-on-year (38%) fuel economy improvement in Ford's history. The introduction of standard overdrive transmission allows the division to jump over its competitors, going from the company with the worst CAFE rating to the full-sized fuel-efficient car being sold.
One of the most praised options offered by Continental 1980 is the new digital instrument cluster, which uses vacuum fluorescent displays for vehicle speedometers, odometers, fuel gauges, and temperature gauges. However, the biggest feature is the "computer journey" which shows the drivers "miles to empty" and (based on driver input) "estimated arrival time", as well as real-time fuel economy figures. The cluster of digital instruments with the travel computer, together with the standard new electronic fuel injection engine, AOD 4-speed transmission, power steering and advanced suspension, and the new EEC III engine management system allowed Lincoln Continental 1980 to gain a major technological advantage over its competitors; instead of just redesigning and downsizing the 1979 model, the 1980 Continent would be some of the most sophisticated vehicles Ford had ever sold to date.
This Continental version will only last for a single model year. To eliminate the saturation of the Lincoln model line, the car was re-released as Lincoln Town Car for 1981, while the name Continental would move into the midsize segment as an early model in 1982. Although not officially announced as a successor to Versailles, Continental 1982 would be a Lincoln competitor to Cadillac Seville. After the end of the model cycle, Continental Mark VI was replaced by Mark VII, a much different vehicle.
Chassis
The center for redesign is the entirely new implementation of the Ford Panther platform, which is shared with Ford LTD and the Mercury Marquis. While maintaining the predecessor body-on-frame layout and using a rear-wheel drive powertrain, the Panther platform made major engineering changes to curb weight loss. In addition, the chassis itself is smaller in several key dimensions. While only about 2 inches narrower, Continental 1980 unleashed 10 inches of wheelbase and 14 inches in length. In losing nearly 1,000 pounds of curb weight, the 1980 Continental came in  £ 200 from the heavily reined Lincoln Versailles "compact" weight.
In its focus on fuel economy, the Panther platform developed without the use of the 400 or 460 V8 that propelled the full-size Lincoln-Mercurys throughout the 1970s. In their place is the first fuel injection V8 engine manufactured by Ford Motor Company. Based on the 302-cubic-inch Windsor V8, the recently baptized 129 hp 5.0L V8 (rounded from the actual 4.9 l displacement) is the first "American-displacement" metric-displacement machine. As an option, 140 hp 351 cubic carburetate inches of Windsor V8 is available. In place of a 3-speed C6 automatic transmission is a new 4-speed Automatic Overdrive Transmission (AOD). Developed under the name Ford Integral Overdrive (FIOD), the industry's first transmission featured both mechanically pinned teeth (0.67/1 ratios) fourth and third gear and fourth torque converter lock-up gear.
The new Panther platform allows changes in the geometry of the new Continental suspension and many improvements are made to power steering. With this, and its overall diminishing size, 1980 Lincoln Continental is able to maintain traditional cars and nuances, while offering great improvements to its handling. Compared to fellow GM and Chrysler Continental in 1980 and the 1979 Lincoln model, the new car offers more nimble maneuvers, and reduced turn diameter to more than 8 feet (compared to Continental Lincoln 1979).
Body
Despite sharing a common platform and powertrain with Ford LTD and Mercury Marquis, Lincoln Continental differentiated well from its peers; no visible body panels are common among the three vehicles.
Conversely, Continental 1980 was positioned as the basic model of the Lincoln model line; The Continental Town Car/Town Coupe makes its return as a top-trim model. Since all continents wear layered roofs, Continental Town Cars are largely distinguished by two-tone paint. Lincolns are distinguished from Continental Mark VIs by their open headlamps and wide taillamps (not "Continental Spare Trunk Tire Trunk"). The two Lincoln doors can be distinguished from the two-door Mark VI with the "notchback" roofline; they share a wheelbase along with Lincolns four-door.
Seventh generation (1982-87)
After the downsizing and adoption of the Panther platform for the 1980 model, the Lincoln division was faced with a critical problem. After the cessation of the compact Lincoln Versailles in the early 1980s, Lincoln was left with two full-size sedans. Despite every new brand for the year model, Lincoln Continental and Continental Mark VI are functionally identical vehicles. Aside from the "Continental Tire" trunklid and headlights hidden from Mark VI, both vehicles offer little differentiation.
Lincoln Continental returned in early 1981 as a 1982 model. To further separate Continental from Town Car, Lincoln's designer shifted the Continental name plate to the mid-size segment. Although again marketed against Cadillac Seville, Continental Lincoln 1982 was never officially considered by Lincoln as a substitute for Versailles. Marketed only as a four-door sedan, Continental shared a wheelbase and powertrain with Mark VII introduced for the 1984 model.
Using the lessons learned from Lincoln Versailles and the badge technique, Lincoln's stylist was careful to distinguish the expensive Continental from Ford Thunderbird and Mercury Cougar XR7 sharing a common chassis with him; unlike Versailles, no body panels are visible to be shared.
Chassis
Shifting from the Ford Panther platform to the Ford Fox platform, Lincoln Continental became the midsize car for the first time. In redesign, Continental will lose nearly 9 inches in wheelbase and 18 inches, along with over 400 pounds of weight.
Although it will be Lincolnbestest-wheelbase ever, Continental will use 108.5 "stretching wheelbase version of the Fox platform used by Ford Thunderbird and Mercury Cougar Unlike its Cadillac Seville rivals, who switched to GM's front axle platform , Continental retains the use of rear-wheel drive.
The 1982 Lincoln Continental comes with two different engines. The standard engine is a 131-hp carbureted version of 5.0L V8. No charge, 3.8L V6 (shared with Ford Thunderbird and Mercury Cougar) is an option; it was the first non-V8 Lincoln since 1948. Both engines were discontinued for the 1983 model, replaced by 5.0L V8 fuel injected from Town Car. All three engines are equipped with a 4-speed Ford AOD overdrive transmission. In response to the diesel engine options available on Cadillac and a number of European luxury brands, Lincoln introduced an optional 2.4-hp 2.4L inline-6 ​​turbodiesel originated from BMW (with 4-speed ZF automatic transmission) for 1984 With only 1,500 sold, the diesel-powered Continental was rarely ordered and discontinued after the 1985 model.
The seventh generation introduced two features as the first in the industry: gas-loaded shock absorbers and self-sealing tires.
Body
For the first time in Lincoln-badged Continental, the namesake "Continental spare tire trunk" seen on the Mark Series is used as a decklid design feature. In addition, the declid reads "CONTINENTAL" instead of "LINCOLN" (like Versaillles, the first Lincoln to do so). As a Ford Motor Company aimed at Lincoln Continental to compete with the Cadillac Seville, the rear of the car was designed with a sloping "back deck" deck, which gained inspiration from Lincoln-Zephyr in the late 1930s. Continental round table design is less extreme compared to Sevilla. The addition of horizontal brushed-chrome strips that run along each side of the Continental, along with the numerous double-tone color combinations, gives it a more conventional appearance compared to the Cadillac.
Coinciding with the introduction of two-door Continental Mark VII, Lincoln Continental was given styling updates for the 1984 model year. His body was fitted with revised front and rear bumpers of flush-fitting and taillamps. Although not equipped with Mark VII composite headlamps, Continental's front fascia was revised with a sloping grille flanked by a hidden quad headlights and larger wrap-around marker lamps equipped with cornering lights. On the inside, doors and dashboards are equipped with satin-black trim (accented with the original low-gloss walnut veneer for the 1986 model only). Other changes through the rest of the production process are mainly limited to paint colors and detail upholstery patterns. All models are also equipped with Ford's Keyless Entry Entry System, not to be confused with the Remote Keyless Entry System.
Crop
For 1982, Continental was offered in basic trim, Signature Series, and Trim Designer Series Givenchy. For 1983, the Signature Series trim was discontinued and given to City Car and Mark VI; Valentino Designer Series added. After the 1985 model, Series Designer Valentino was removed to support the Givenchy Series. Including many additional standard features, Signature Series, Valentino, and Givenchy Series Designer Series add $ 3,100 to $ 3,500 for the standard model price. The fully selected Model Signature and Givenchy will reach over $ 26,500 ($ 67,200 in current dollars).
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The eighth generation (1988-94)
By the late 1980s, the luxury segment in which Continental had played had changed drastically from a decade earlier. In addition to traditional Cadillac and Chrysler competitors, the downsized Continental is now not only competing with Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Audi, but also with the top of the line vehicles Acura, Lexus, and Infiniti. Lincoln chose to completely rediscover Continental.
Launched on 26 December 1987 and shared a unibody chassis with Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable, Continental 1988 became Lincoln's first front wheel drive; it was also the first Lincoln since 1948 to be sold without the available V8 engine. As part of a more conservative exterior, the "tilt trunklid" was removed. Although four inches longer, it is 170 pounds lighter than its predecessor. For the first time since 1979, Continental fits perfectly with Cadillac Sedan de Ville partners in size. According to interior volume, Continental was the largest front-wheel drive car sold in 1988, and was recognized by the Car and Driver on the Ten Bests list of 1989.
Power is provided by the newly introduced 140Ã, 3.8L Essex V6 hp to Taurus/Sable for 1988. Exclusive to Continental is an adaptive air-driving suspension. Variable assist power steering is standard. In 1990 (MY 1991), engine output was revised to 155 hp, and to 160 hp for MY 1993. All Continentals are equipped with 4-speed overdrive automatic transmission.
Body
While the Continental exterior adopts many flowing lines, including flush-mounted glass, headlights attached, and cover doors from its counterparts beside Taurus, it also adopts some of the more conservative styling features, including the more upright C- straight. pillars, chrome grille, and long deck; the redesign of the oblique trunklid increases the luggage space from 15 to 19 cubic feet (almost matching the City Car).
In October 1988 for the 1989 model, a redesigned dashboard was introduced to accommodate dual air bags. This unprecedented move made Ford Motor Company the first US automaker to offer airbags as standard equipment for drivers and front passengers (second car worldwide after Porsche 1987 944 Turbo).
In 1989 for the 1990 model year, minor exterior updates featured new grille, hood ornaments, and taillights. In late 1993 for MY 1994, a larger facelift was provided, including new bumper, rocker mold, and bodyside mold. Redesigned exterior trims include redesigned red grille, redesigned taillamps, revised trim deckl, and Lincoln name plates moved to grille and taillamps. The bucket seat option is given a redesigned steering wheel.
Crop
As part of the redesign, Lincoln simplified the lineup of trim; only standard (later named "Executive") and the remaining Signature Series. For the first time since 1981, seats 6 passengers back. Leather seats are standard (with velor available as a no cost option). The main options include compact disc players, InstaClear electrically windshield (1988-1992), JBL sound system, power glass moonroof, keyless entry, anti-theft alarm system, cellular phone (starting MY 1990), three position memory seats, and wheel options.
For MY 1993 (1992 production), an individual "chairs" group is available which removes regular chrome shifter columns and 50/50 "comfort lounge" split bench seating (and 6-passenger capacity) for center console with floor shifter (first continental) storage armrest, cup holders, and 5 seats.
1994 is the last year that Continental is offered in Executive and Signature Series trims. Executive Touring packages are also available.
50th Anniversary Edition (1990)
The 50th Anniversary Edition of the Continental Signature Series was offered during MY 1990 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the model. It featured "50th Anniversary" badging, geometric aluminum wheels talking to a unique central ornament hub, exterior titanium paint with unique red/blue accent striping, and two-tone interiors.
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The ninth generation (1995-2002)
For the 1995 model, Continental was substantially updated with a more rounded line similar to Mark VIII; the interior also underwent major improvements. Production began in the Wixom Assembly in November 1994. While the body is all-new, the new Continental shares the foundation with the previous generation. In the departure of previous generations and its Ford/Mercury counterpart, Continental was given back the V8 engine for the first time since 1987; thus, closer to the Northstar V8 engine that Cadillac used for the DeVille and Seville sedans at the time. The base price for the new Continental is $ 40,750 ($ 65,446 in current dollars).
The only engine for Continental is Modular/InTech 32v DOHC 4.6L V8 which is shared with Lincoln Mark VIII, but slightly unset for front wheel drive use. It produces torque of 260Ã, hp (190Ã, kW) and 265Ã, lb? Ft (359Ã,M? M); 0-60 mph (0-97 km/h) is achieved in 7.2 seconds. Inside, Continental features luxurious leather interiors with many facilities and sophisticated electronics for the time being. Some options include JBL sound system, 6-CD changer, power moonroof, heated seat, onboard mobile phone, anti-theft alarm system, traction control, and chrome wheels. As before, buyers can choose between five and six passenger seats, offering Bridge of Weir leather on top trim packages. A customer clinic video of March 1992 featured the final design prototype of Continental 1995.
1995-1996 Continentals have an air suspension ride on all four wheels while the 1997 model has a rear air suspension and a traditional steel coil standing in front. The increasingly competitive and de-contenting luxury market of Continental 1997 saw its base price decline by 10% that year.
facelift 1998
Continental was updated again in late 1997 for 1998 by design
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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