OKEANOS ( Extraordinary Kite Crafts for Exploration and Astronautics Outside the Solar System) is a proposed mission concept for Jupiter Trojan asteroids using hybrid solar screens for propulsion; the screen is covered with thin solar panels to power the ion machine. In-situ analysis of the collected sample will be done by direct contact or using a landing that carries a high-resolution mass spectrometer. A lander and a back-to-Earth example is an option under study.
OKEANOS is a finalist for the 2nd ISAS ' mission to be launched in 2026, and possibly returning samples of Trojan asteroids to Earth by the 2050s.
Video OKEANOS
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The OKEANOS mission is a proposed concept in 2010 to fly alongside the Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter (JMO) as part of the canceled Europa Jupiter System Mission - Laplace.
In its most recent formulation, the mission of OKEANOS and LiteBIRD are two finalists of the Great Japanese Mission Class by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science & amp; Technology. LiteBIRD is a proposed microwave cosmetic astronomical telescope.
Analyzing the composition of Jupiter Trojans can help scientists understand how the Solar System is formed. It will also help determine which hypothesis is correct: planetesimal remains during the formation of Jupiter, or Jupiter building block fossils, or trans-Neptune objects captured by planetary migration. There are several options for this mission, and the most ambitious proposes to include landers who will do some in situ analysis, and even send samples to Earth for extensive investigation. If selected in December 2018 for development, the spacecraft will launch in 2026, and may offer some synergies with the Lucy spacecraft that will fly with some Jupiter Trojans by 2027.
Maps OKEANOS
Spacecraft
The spacecraft is projected to have a mass of about 1,285 kg (2,833 lbs) if it includes landers and in any case it will be equipped with solar electric ion machines. The screen, which will be 1,600m 2 will have a dual purpose of solar sailing propulsion and solar panels for power generation. If a lander is included, he must have a mass of no more than 100 kg and will collect and analyze asteroid samples. The more complex suggested concept will make the lander take off again, meet the mother ship and transfer the samples for their transportation to Earth.
Solar sailing and solar panels
The unique display is a hybrid that provides photon driving power and electric power, which JAXA calls Solar Power Sail. The screen is made of a 10m thick polyimide film measuring 40 × 40 meters (1,600m 2 ), and the screen is also coated with 30,000 25 m thick solar panels capable of producing up to 5 kW in Jupiter, ie 5.2 Astronomical Units of the Sun. The main spacecraft will be placed in the center of the screen and it will be equipped with a solar electric ion machine for maneuvering and propulsion, especially for a sample trip back to Earth.
The spacecraft uses solar sailing technology originally developed for IKAROS's success (Kite-craft Accelerated Accelerated by Radiation of the Sun) launched in 2010, whose sailing voyage measures 14 m ÃÆ'â € "14 m. As with IKAROS, the sun's angle of the screen will be altered by dynamically controlling the reflectivity of the liquid crystal panel on the outer edge of the screen so that sunlight pressure will produce torque.
Ion Machine
The ion machine intended for mission is called? 10 HIsp and its specific impulse is 10,000 seconds, 2.5 kW power, and a maximum thrust strength of 27 mN for each of the four engines. The electrical engine system is an enhanced engine version of the Hayabusa mission, and it will be used for maneuvering and especially for the sample trip back to Earth. A preliminary study showed the need for 191 kg of xenon propellant if it was decided to bring the samples back to Earth.
Lander
The mission concept is still under development and several scenarios, targets, and architectures are under review. The most ambitious scenario reflects on in situ analysis and re-samples using landers. This landline concept is a collaboration between the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and JAXA Japan, beginning in 2014. The spacecraft will deploy a 100 kg landing on the surface of the Trojan asteroid 20-30 km to analyze its subsurface volatile constituents, such as ice water, using a drill 1-meter pneumatic supported by pressurized nitrogen gas. Some subsurface samples will be transferred to the board mass spectrometer for volatile analysis. Bulk scientific mass payload, including sampling system, will not exceed 20 kg. The landing will be powered by batteries and conduct landing, landing, sampling and autonomous analysis. Some samples will be heated to 1000 Â ° C for pyrolysis for isotope analysis. The concept payload for landers will include a panorama camera (visible and infrared), infrared microscope, Raman spectrometer, magnetometer, and thermal radiometer. The landing will operate for about 20 hours using battery power.
If the return sample is decided, the lander will then take off, meet and provide surface and subsurface samples to the floating ship parent above (at 50 km) for subsequent deliveries to Earth in the reentry capsule. Landing will be discarded after sample transfer.
conceptual scientific content
On landers:
- Mass spectrometer
- Hyperspectral microscope
- Hyperspectral panoramic imagery
- Optical navigation camera
- Laser reconnaissance
- Fluxgate 3-axis magnetometer
- Alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS)
- Surface and subsurface samplers
In the spaceship:
- Exo-Zodiacal Infrared Telescope (EXZIT) is a 10 cm diameter telescope.
- Gamma-ray burst polarimeter (GAP-2)
Terlampir ke layar:
- Arrayed Large-area Dust Detectors (ALDN-2)
- Magnetic Field Experiment (MGF-2) adalah magnetometer fluxgate
GAP-2 and EXZIT are instruments for astronomical observations, and are not intended to be used to study Trojan asteroids. Both will conduct an opportunistic survey that will utilize the mission path. For GAP-2, the maximum distance of 5.2 AU from Earth allows to find the position of Gamma ray bursts with high precision by pairing them with a terrestrial observatory. For EXZIT, since the zodiac light is significantly weaker than the asteroid belt, it allows the telescope to observe the cosmic infrared background to uncover the dawn of the comic. MGF-2 is MGF's successor on the Arase satellite board, and ALADDIN-2, GAP-2 is the successor of each instrument on the IKAROS board.
See also
- CubeSail, the concept of a small British solar sail under development
- IKAROS, the first spacecraft to model solar screen technology in interplanetary space
- LightSail 2, a private solar project from the Planetary Society
- Near-Earth Asteroid Scout, CubeSat planned to asteroid ~ 1AU from Earth
- Lunar Flashlight, solar screen orbiter planned for the Moon
- NanoSail-D2, the US sun screen deployed at LEO in January 2011
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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