Electric motorcycles and scooters are plug-in electric vehicles with two or three electrically powered wheels. The electricity is stored on a board in a rechargeable battery, which drives one or more electric motors. Electric scooters (different from motorcycles) have a step by step framework.
Video Electric motorcycles and scooters
Histori
1895 hingga 1950
The early history of electric motorcycles is somewhat unclear. On September 19, 1895, a patent application for "electric bicycle" was filed by Ogden Bolton Jr. of Canton Ohio. On November 8 of the same year, another patent application for "electric bicycle" was filed by Hosea W. Libbey from Boston.
At the Stanley Cycle Show in 1896 in London, England, the Humber bicycle manufacturer exhibited electric tandem bikes. Supported by a battery storage bank, the motor is placed in front of the rear wheels. Speed ​​control is the resistance placed on the handlebars. This electric bicycle is primarily intended for the use of the racetrack.
The Popular Mechanics October 1911 edition mentions the introduction of electric motorcycles. It claims to have a range of 75 miles (121 km) to 100 miles (160 km) per charge. Motorcycles have three-speed controllers, with speeds of 4 miles (6.4 km), 15 miles (24 km) and 35 miles (56 km) per hour.
In 1919, Ransomes, Sims & amp; Jefferies makes a prototype electric motorcycle where the battery is mounted under the seat of a sidecar. Although the vehicle is registered for road use, it never passes the testing phase.
In 1936, the Limelette brothers set up an electric motorcycle company called Socovel ( So ciÃÆ'  © tà © à © pour l'ÃÆ'  © tude et la Co nstruction de V ehicules El ectriques or Company for research and manufacture of electric vehicles) in Brussels. They resumed production during the German occupation with their permission. Due to fuel rationing, they found several levels of success. But after the war, they turned to the conventional model. The electric model remained available until 1948.
During World War II, fueled by rationing of fuel in the United States, Merle Williams of Long Beach, California invented a two-wheeled electric motorcycle that pulled a wheeled trailer. Due to the popularity of the vehicle, Williams began to make more vehicles like that in his garage. In 1946, it led to the formation of the Company Marketeer (Parcar Corp. today).
1950 to 1980
In 1967, Karl Kordesch, who worked for Union Carbide, made a nickel-cadmium hybrid fuel cell/electric battery. It was later replaced with hydrazine fuel cells, giving it a range of 200 miles (320 km) per gallon and a top speed of 25 mph (40 km/h).
That same year, a prototype electric motorcycle called Papoose, was built by Indian Motorcycle Company under the direction of Floyd Clymer.
In 1974, Auranthic Corp., a small factory in California, produced a small motorcycle called the Charger. It has 30 mph (48 km/h) and 50 miles (80 km) range on full payload.
In the early 1970s, Mike Corbin built a street-legal commuter electric motorcycle called the Corbin Electric. Then in 1974, Corbin, riding a motorcycle called Silver Fast, set the world record speed of an electric motorcycle at 165,387 mph (266,165 km/h). The motorcycle uses a 24-volt electric starter motor from the Douglas A-4B fighter. In 1975, Corbin built a prototype of a battery-powered street motorcycle called the City Bike. This motorcycle uses batteries manufactured by Yardney Electric.
In June 1975, the first Anniversary Regatta Vehicle was held at Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. The event was created and promoted by Charles McArthur, an environmentalist. On June 17, Corbin's motorcycle completed a 13km-long course uphill in 26 minutes.
1980 to 2000
In 1988, Ed Rannberg, who founded Eyeball Engineering, tested his electric drag bike at Bonneville. In 1992, the January edition of Cycle World published an article on Ed Rannberg's motorcycle called KawaSHOCKI. It could finish a quarter of a mile (0.25 miles (400 m)) in 11-12 seconds.
In 1995, Electric Motorbike Inc. founded by Scott Cronk and Rick Whisman in Santa Rosa, California. In 1996, EMB Lectra was built by Electric Motorbike Inc., which uses reluctant motor variables. It has a top speed of about 45 mph (72 km/h) and a range of 35 miles (56 km). Around 100 of these were built.
In 1996, the first mass-produced electric scooter, Peugeot Scoot'Elec, was released. It uses Nickel-Cadmium batteries and a range of 40 km (25 mi).
2000 to present
On 26 August 2000, Killacycle set up a drag racing record finishing a quarter mile (400 m) at 9.450 seconds on the Woodburn track in Oregon. Killacycle uses lead acid batteries at a speed of 152.07 mph (244.73 km/h). Then, Killacycle using A123 Systems Li-ion nano-phosphate cell set a new quarter-mile record of 7.824 seconds breaking the 8-second barrier at 168 miles per hour (270 km/h) in Phoenix, Arizona at the All Harley Drag Racing Association (AHDRA) 2007, on November 10, 2007.
On April 4-5, 2009, Zero Motorcycles held "24 Hours of Electro" in San Jose. It is considered to be the first electric off-road endurance race of all electricity.
On June 14, 2009, the first Trial Xtreme Grand Prix electric (TTXGP) all electric motorcycle competitions took place on the Isle of Man where 13 machines took part. Rob Barber riding a motorcycle built by Tim Agni won the race. He completed 37.73 miles (60.72 km) alone in 25 minutes 53.5 seconds, an average speed of 87.434 miles per hour (140.711 km/h).
In 2010, ElectroCat, made by Eva HÃÆ' Â¥ kansson, sets a record of time for electric motorcycles to climb Pikes Peak. The motorcycle, driven by John Scollon, completes 12 miles (19 km) in just 16 minutes 55.849 seconds. ElectroCat uses batteries manufactured by System A123.
On June 26, 2011, Chip Yates broke ElectroCat's previous record at Pikes Peak. He completed the course in 12 minutes 50.094 seconds. On August 30, 2011, Yates drove his incredible electric SWIGZ.COM prototype to make an official Guinness record of the fastest electric motorcycle. Motorcycles recorded speeds of 316.899 km/h (196,912 mph) in Bonneville.
In 2012, Paul Ernst Thede recorded a 216.8 miles per hour SCTA record at Bonnevile Salt Flats, Utah. It does not qualify as a Guinness World record because it is not limited by the FIM time association.
On 30 June 2013, Carlin Dunne rode an electric motorcycle built by Motorcycles, beating a conventional motorcycle in Pikes Peak. He recorded a time of 10 minutes 00.694 seconds on the field 12.42 miles (19.99 km).
Vectrix in 2006 introduced the first commercially available high-performance electric scooter, the VX-1. After bankruptcy and early bankruptcy reorganization, the Gold Peak battery group bought the company in 2009. Vectrix expanded its product line, offering VX-2 and VX-3 three-wheelers. But Vectrix ceased operations in January 2014 and filed for bankruptcy dissolution Chapter 7, with the rest of its assets auctioned next June.
Maps Electric motorcycles and scooters
Current manufacturer
Manufacturers of electric motorcycles include? Ezeta, Victory Motorcycles, Monday Motorbikes, Mahindra, Zero Motorcycles, Lightning Motorcycle, Energica Motor Company, Johammer, Evoke Motorcycles, Quantya, Electric Motorsport, Hollywood Electrics, Yo, Lito, Romai, Gogoro, Inokim, Rondine Motor, , KTM and Alta Motors. Yamaha plans to enter the market as soon as possible with at least two models. Spanish company Bultaco entered the electric motorcycle market in 2015. Harley-Davidson introduced a new prototype electric motorcycle in June 2014.
Z Electric Vehicle is a commercial production supplier of electric scooters based in the US for the world market. The BMW C Evolution electric scooter was released in Germany in May 2014. Honda participated in a European rental demonstration and driving test for its electric scooter in 2012 but has yet to announce its availability for sale. Terra Motors, the maker of Japanese electric vehicles, will start selling electric scooters in India by 2015. Gogoro announces a battery-powered electric scooter at CES 2015. eGen is a UK-based company that offers a range of electric scooters using lithium iron phosphate batteries. UGBEST is a China-based electric scooter manufacturer that has been operating since 2011, using lithium iron phosphate batteries. The company acquired Ecobit SRL electric scooter factory in 2013 including WMI and facilities. In 2016, EcoKargo was formed to produce exclusive electric delivery scooters. KTM produces all off-road electric bicycles in the Freeride E-series.
Resources
Most electric motorcycles and scooters are currently powered by rechargeable lithium ion batteries, although some early models use nickel-metal hydride batteries.
Alternate battery type available. Z Electric Vehicle has pioneered the use of lead batteries/sodium silicate (variations in classic lead acid batteries found in 1859, still prevalent in cars) better than lithium batteries in size, weight, and energy capacity, at much more cost cheap..
EGen says its lithium-iron phosphate batteries are up to two thirds lighter than lead acid batteries and offer the best battery performance for electric vehicles.
By 2017, the first vehicle in the US to use a non-flammable Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) battery is a scooter called The Expresso. This new technology fills the battery in less than 10 minutes and holds 25,000 charges (equivalent to 70 years of daily charge). This technology, created by Altairnano, is currently used in China where more than 10,000 city buses operate using this fast battery. For comparison Elon Musk electric vehicles use lithium-ion batteries are reduced in 6-10 years.
Charging
All electric scooters and motorcycles provide for recharging by connecting to a regular wall outlet, usually takes about eight hours to recharge (ie overnight). Some manufacturers have designed, included, or offered as accessories, a high-level CHAdeMO charger, which can charge up to 95% of battery power in an hour.
Battery exchange
Manufacturers such as Zero Motorcycles and newcomers to the Gogoro and Unu scooter markets have designed machines that allow for quick battery exchange, for apartment occupants who do not have a garage outlet, or to instantly recharge on the go.
Hybrid
Honda has developed an internal combustion scooter/an experimental hybrid scooter. Yamaha is also developing a hybrid motorcycle concept called Gen-Ryu. It uses a 600cc engine and an additional electric motor. Piaggio MP3 Hybrid uses a 125cc engine and an additional 2.4 kW motor.
Fuel cell
There are several experimental prototypes that use fuel cell technology. The ENV developed by Intelligent Energy is a prototype of hydrogen fuel cells. This motorcycle has a range of 100 miles (160 km) and can reach a top speed of 50 mph (80 km/h). Suzuki has also developed a hydrogen fuel cell scooter concept based on Suzuki Burgman. Yamaha has created a prototype hydrogen fuel cell called FC-AQEL, which is considered equivalent to a 125cc vehicle. Honda also developed a hydrogen fuel cell scooter that uses the Honda FC Stack.
Power machine vs. gasoline engine
Performance
Electric and gasoline-powered bikes and scooters of the same size and weight are roughly proportional in performance. In August 2013 Road and Track evaluates high-end electric motorcycles as a faster and better handling than a conventional-powered bike. Electric engines have a better acceleration of 0 to 60, because they develop full torque immediately, and without clutch, direct torque is available.
Range
Electric motorcycles and scooters suffer considerable losses in range, because the battery can not store as much energy as the gas tank. Over 130 miles (210 km) with a single charge is considered a very long range. As a result, while electric machines excel as daily commuters traveling at a fixed distance, on the experience of open road riders inhibiting the range of anxiety. Also electric power trade with reach to speed. For example, the longest electric scooter today, ZEV 10 LRC, travels 220 km (140 mi) at 89 km/h (55 mph), but according to the manufacturer the range drops to about 129 km (80 mi) at 112 km/h (70 mph ). A BBC news blog reported that the Austrian bike, Johammer J1, was able to travel 200 km (124 miles) with a single charge.
Maintenance
Electric scooters and motorcycles require very little maintenance. Like Worship magazine transport editor Damon Lavrinc reported after the experiment tried to go six months using nothing but a Zero electric motorcycle: "[w] it's just a battery, motorcycle, and black box (ie a controller) to keep you moving Electric motorbike very easy to maintain compared to conventional motorcycles, what with all the lubricants and adjustments and adjustments you have to do Basically you are only worried about consumables: brake pads, tires, maybe brake fluid. "Electric scooters and motorcycles equipped with regenerative braking typically have longer brake pad lifespan since most of the braking tasks can be performed with an electric motor rather than a mechanical friction brake.
Fuel costs
Among one and two cents per mile (depending on the electricity rate), the electric engine enjoys enormous fuel cost advantages. Three months and 2,800 km (1,700 mi) of trips on Lavrinc electric motorcycle less than $ 30 for electricity; on a BMW gasoline bike, a single trip at a cost of 650 km (400 million) is almost the same. In Australia, UBCO Electric Motorbike battery charge is 88 Â ¢ per 100 km
Filling time
Even with special equipment, charging takes longer than filling the gas tank, which can make electric vehicles less flexible than their gasoline counterparts. With a maximum number of accessory chargers, it takes more than one hour to charge the Zero S ZF6.5 6.5kWh battery up to 95% capacity. This refueling time also increases with battery capacity; Zero S ZF13.0 (which has a 13.0kWh battery) takes more than 2 hours to charge up to 95% using the maximum number of accessory chargers. While this may not pose a problem to set off in an electric vehicle by charging overnight, it may have an impact on the long journeys that require refueling during the trip.
Noise
Electric vehicles are much quieter than gas-powered ones, so silence they may slip on unwary pedestrians. Some are equipped to emit artificial noise. Popular Mechanics calls the comparative composure of electric motorcycles the biggest difference between them and their gas counterparts, and safety bonuses because motorists can hear the danger approaching. Are hard motorcycles more visible and thus safer than the calm contested. With high-speed whining the electric motorcycle is said to sound "like a spaceship."
Sales and adoption
China leads the world in sales of electric scooters, comprising 9.4 million out of a total of 12 million sold worldwide by 2013. There are only 31,338 sales of electric scooters outside the Asia-Pacific region including Europe. The US market is relatively small, with an estimated 2,000 sold in 2012.
Although it continues to be more practical, the high prices and limited range most suited to commuters have been a hindrance to electric motorcycles and scooters that are increasing their market share. In the US at least, the cheaper motorcycles that can refuel in minutes in gas stations are better suited to weekend riders, dominant users. According to market reports published in 2013, sales of electric motorcycles and scooters are expected to increase by more than 10-fold by 2018 in North America, to around 36,000 by 2018.
In India, high costs and power grid issues have contributed to slow sales. In countries such as Tamil Nadu, where electricity supply is rationed, the corresponding decrease in sales has been observed by electric scooter manufacturers such as Ampere and Hero Electric.
Government promotions and incentives
India
In January 2013, the Indian government announced plans to provide subsidies for hybrid and electric vehicles. The plan will be subsidized up to INR 150000 (about US $ 2200) for cars and 50,000 for two-wheeled vehicles. India aims to have seven million electric vehicles on the road by 2020.
Taiwan
Prime Minister of the Republic of China (Taiwan) Liu Chao-shiuan said in 2008 that the government-funded Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) will help domestic producers mass-produce 100,000 electric motorcycles in four years.
Motorports
Pikes Peak International Hill Climb (PPIHC)
Pikes Peak International Hill Climb began in 1916 and is the second oldest motorcycle racing in America. PPIHC is a long tradition in Colorado Springs and Pikes Peak Regions. The race takes place on a 12.42 mile course starting at 9.390 feet with 156 rounds and ending at the 14,110 foot peak of Pikes Peak. One major hurdle of the race is the thinner air that slows down the reflex, reduces muscle strength and reduces internal combustion engine power by up to 30 percent as competitors advance their peak. The electric motorcycle division has the advantage of an all-electric motorcycle because they do not experience power loss with elevation elevation and thin air.
Motorcycle Lightning The super-bike electric motor set the fastest overall time in the motorcycle division, beating all gas-powered motorcycles in 2013.
TT Zero
TTXGP contained by Azhar Hussain. The first race was held on 30 June 2009 at the Isle of Man where 13 teams took part. This event is supported by FÃÆ' Â © dÃÆ' Â © ration Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). In May 2010, TTXGP started the world championship series. He went on to organize several races in the US, Europe and Australia. In 2010, TT Zero replaced the TTXGP event in the Isle of Man TT race. Neither TTXGP nor Azhar Hussain were involved in the event. This event follows FIM rules.
FIM eRoad Racing World Cup
On November 18, 2010, FÃÆ'Â © dation Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) announced the ePower International Series for electric motorcycles, causing a split between TTXGP and FIM promoters. FIM, unlike TTXGP, can not collect many teams from this series. In March 2011, TTXGP announced it will re-collaborate with FIM.
In 2013, TTXGP and FIM collaborate to host the FIM eRoad Racing World Cup with races in the US, Europe and last race in Asia.
Motocross
In 2013, FIM announced an all-electric event, called E-MX, held in Belgium during Clean Week 2020 on May 2nd. MiniMoto SX Energy Crisiscross is a routine event where off-road electric motorcycles are allowed to compete with conventional motorcycles.
eMotoRacing
After TTXGP ended the racing season of 2013, he withdrew from the US, and Arthur Kowitz, who has participated in the FIM eRoad Racing World Cup founded eMotoRacing to fill the void. eMotoRacing started its first season in 2014, running along with AHRMA that gives access to ten high profile tracks across the US. In addition to its regular race season, eMotoRacing held its first annual "Varsity Challenge" on July 11-13, 2014 at New Jersey Motorsports Park, urging the university's engineering team to race a specially made electric motorcycle. At the start of its third season in 2016, AHRMA announced it has adopted eMotoRacing "eSuperSport" class as a permanent addition to their roadracing lineup.
MotoE World Cup
The MotoE World Cup will start in 2019. The series is approved by the FIM and will support MotoGP in five European circuits with future plans for this series to expand worldwide. The series will use Energica EgoGP motorcycles with each of the seven independent MotoGP teams running two bikes while the four Moto2 and Moto3 teams will run one bike with a total of 18 competing motors.
See also
- Electric kick scooter
- Electric tracking
- Converting electric vehicles
- Energy density
- Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
- List of modern plug-in production electric vehicles (including electric motorcycles)
- Miles per gallon equivalent
- Mobility scooter
- Plug-in electric vehicle
References
External links
- Electric cycle and electric vehicle in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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