The ultralight flight (called microlight flight in some countries) is a lightweight fixed wing aircraft, 1 or 2 seats. Some countries distinguish between heavy-shift control and conventional 3-axis control plane with ailerons, elevators and rudders, summoning the last "microlight" and "ultralight" exams.
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, largely driven by the gantowe movement, many people sought affordable aviation. As a result, many aviation authorities set the definition of light, slow-flying aircraft that can be subject to minimum regulations. The aircraft produced is usually called "ultralight" or "microlights" aircraft, although the weight and speed limits vary from country to country. In Europe, the definition of sport (FAI) limits the maximum take-off weight to 450 kg (992 lb) (472.5 kg (1,042 lb) if the ballistic parachute is installed) and a maximum stall speed of 65 km/h (40 mph). This definition means that the plane has a slow landing speed and a short landing in case of engine failure.
In most affluent countries, microplanes or ultralight aircraft are now a significant percentage of global civilian-owned aircraft. For example in Canada in February 2018, the ultralight aircraft fleet reached 20.4% of the total registered civil aircraft. In other countries that do not register ultralight aircraft, such as the United States, it is not known what the total proportion of fleets they make. In countries where there are no special additional regulations, ultralight is considered a regular aircraft and is subject to certification requirements for both aircraft and pilots.
Video Ultralight aviation
Definisi
Australia
In Australia, ultralight and pilot planes may be registered with the Australian Hang Gliding Federation (HGFA) or Recreational Aviation Australia (RA Aus). In all cases, except for the private single-seat ultralight plane, the microlight plane or tricycle is governed by the Civil Aviation Rules.
United Kingdom
Paramotor and powered hang-glider pilots (including aircraft with wheels) do not require a license, provided the weight of the aircraft, without the pilot, is not more than 75 kg (165 pounds), but they must comply with air rules.
For heavier microlights, current UK regulations comply with European regulations, except that helicopters and gyroplanes are not included.
The previous definition of British microlight describes an aircraft with a maximum weight of 390 kg (860 lb), and maximum wing loading of 25 kg (55 pounds) per square meter. In addition to the earliest aircraft, all two-seater British microlights (and up to 2007 all single-seaters) have been required to meet airworthiness standards; BCAR Section S. In 2007, Single Seat DeRegulated (SSDR), a sub-category of single seat aircraft was introduced, allowing owners more freedom for modification and experimentation. By 2017 the feasibility of all single seat microlights is the responsibility of the user, but the pilot must hold a microlight license; current NPPL (M) (National Private Pilot License). This can be upgraded to a LAPL license with several hours of training on Cat A aircraft (Allowing the holder to fly a single, single engine aircraft up to 2 tons).
New Zealand
Ultralight in New Zealand is subject to NZCAA General Aviation regulations with special microlight variations as described in Sections 103 and AC103.
United States
The US FAA's definition of ultralight is significantly different from that in most other countries and can cause confusion when discussing topics. The rules governing in the United States are FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles. In 2004, the FAA introduced the category "Light-sport aircraft", which resembles the microlight category from several other countries. The ultralight flight is represented by the United States Ultralight Association (USUA), which acts as a US aeroclub representative to FÃÆ'Ã… © dÃÆ' Â © ration AÃÆ' Â © ronautique Internationale.
Maps Ultralight aviation
Airplane type
There are several categories of eligible aircraft as ultralights in several countries:
- Fixed wing aircraft: traditional plane-style design.
- Heavy load control tricks: use the hanging glider-style wings, below which hold the three-wheeled train carrying the engine and the pilot. The aircraft is controlled by pushing the horizontal control rod in a similar manner to the hanging glider pilot.
- Powerful parachute: engine mounted on a plane with a parafoil wing, which is a wheeled plane.
- Powered paraglider: backpack machine with parafoil wings, which are launched with legs.
- Powered hang glider: hanging glider hanging by foot. Autogyro: rotary wings with plane-mounted engines, gyrocopters are different from helicopters because the wings are not spinning, the engines provide forward impulse and airflow through the rotary blades causing them to autorotate or "spin" thus creating an elevator.
- Helicopters: there are a number of seat helicopters and two places that fall into the category of microlight in countries like New Zealand. However, some helicopter designs fall into the more stringent ultralight category defined in the United States.
- Hot air balloons: there are many ultralight hot balloons in the US, and some have been built and flown in France and Australia in recent years. Some ultralight hot air balloons are a hopper balloon, while other regular hot air balloons carry passengers in a basket.
Ultralight power
Advances in batteries, motors, and motor controllers have led to some practical electrical production propulsion systems for some ultralight applications. In many ways, ultralights are good applications for electric power because some models are capable of flying at low power, allowing longer flight duration on battery power.
In 2007, the first pioneering company in this field, Electric Aircraft Corporation, began offering engine kits to convert ultralight heavy trike bikes to electric power. 18 hp motor weighs 26 pounds (12 kg) and 90% efficiency is claimed by designer Randall Fishman. The battery consists of a 5.6kWh lithium-polymer battery that provides 1.5 hours of flying in a trike application. The company claimed a 60 cent refueling fee in 2007.
A significant obstacle to the application of electric propulsion to ultralights in the US is the weight of the battery, which is considered part of the aircraft's empty weight even though attempts to own it are considered to be fuel. Because the energy density of the battery increases the lighter battery can be used.
See also
- Aerosport (airshow)
- Helicopter backpack
- Jetpack
- Nanolight
- Experimental Aircraft Association
- Australian Recreation Flight
- The United States Ultralight Association
- United States-Supported Paragliding Association
- Volksflugzeug
References
External links
Media related to Ultralight aircraft on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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