Akron ( ) is the fifth largest city in the US state of Ohio and is a county district in Summit County. It is located on the western edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plain, about 39 miles (63 km) south of Lake Erie.
Census 2015 Estimate, the city has a total population of 197,542, making it the 119th largest city in the United States. The Akron, OH Metropolitan Area Statistics include Summit and Portage Districts, and in 2010 had a population of 703,200. It is also part of the larger OH-Akron-Canton Composite Statistics Area, which in 2013 has a population of 3,501,538, ranked 15th.
Founded along the Cuyahoga Kecil River in 1825 by Simon Perkins and Paul Williams, it was chosen as a strategic point on top of Ohio and the burgeoning Erie Canal. This name is derived from the Greek word that denotes a peak or a high point. Since Eliakim Crosby founded "North Akron" (Cascade) in 1833, "South" was added to his name until they merged into a village founded in 1836. Neighbors Kenmore and Ellet neighbors annexed in 1929. The townspeople were called "Akronit". It has many nicknames, three of which are the "Rubber Capital of the World", "Rubber City", and "City of Discovery".
Akron became a manufacturing center because of its location on the canal, as well as connecting with many others and railway lines. With Goodyear, Gojo Industries, FirstEnergy, Huntington Bank (formerly known as FirstMerit Corporation), and Charter Spectrum among its employers, the economy has diverse sectors covering manufacturing, education, healthcare and biomedicine.
The city is home to the All-American Soapbox Derby, WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens, Akron City Hospital (known as LeBron James and Stephen Curry), Goodyear Polymer Center, and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). It is also a former home of Goodrich, Firestone, General Tire, National Inventors Hall of Fame, National Marble Tournament, Professional Bowlers Association, Professional Women's Wrestling Mud, and First National Football League Champion, Akron Pro.
The famous historical events that took place in the city including the Akron School Law of 1847 created the K-12 system, and Sojourner Truth gave her a Woman Not Me a Woman? speech in 1851. The inhabitants of Ferdinand Schumacher supplied Union Army with oat quakers during the American Civil War. Popularize Akron architectural plan of the church, mumps prevention beradiasi salam Akron Experiments, Akron City v. Akron Reproductive Health Centers , and part of the 2014 Gay Games also took place. Akron is known for rubber, tire and aircraft industries, including trucks, stoneware, sewer pipes, fishing equipment, agricultural equipment, mining, matches, zippers, and toy industries. With a population increase of 201.8% during the 1910s, the city became the fastest growing city in the country. Three major civil unrest occurred during the 1900 riots, the 1936 rubber strike, and the 1968 Wooster Avenue riots. W.E.B. Du Bois (1920) and President Bill Clinton (1997) gave a speech on race relations in the city. While visiting during August 1914, Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negroid Enhancement Association. In 1971, James R. Williams founded Alpha Phi Alpha Homes Inc. to build Channelwood Village area in Akron. In 2008, Addie Polk, a 91-year-old boy, became a poster of the 2007-2010 financial crisis after shooting himself shortly before law enforcement would get him out of the foreclosed home. During the 2016 parade in West Market Street, Vietnam War veteran who was awarded Heart Heart, Kenn Gilchrist burned himself in protest at the election victory of Donald Trump.
Important criminal histories include the Rosario Borgio mafia headquartered in the black-handed operation area, and Pretty Boy Floyd's Walker-Mitchell mob activities. Although Akron was part of the Underground Railroad when active, the city was also part of the largest local chapter in the Ku Klux Klan state which had many city officials as members, which Wendell Willkie had successfully opposed before becoming Republican Presidential candidate in 1940. He also owns the abolitionist John Brown as a resident with his present home as a landmark. The district is dubbed "Meth Capital of Ohio", ranked third in the country for a number of registered methamphetamine sites, mainly due to Akron.
Video Akron, Ohio
Histori
In 1811, Paul Williams settled near the corner of what is now Buchtel Avenue and Broadway and suggested to survey Connecticut Connecticut Western Reserve Corporation General Simon Perkins, the founding of the peaks of Ohio and the burgeoning Erie Canal.. The name comes from the Greek word ????? that indicates a peak or a high point. Arranged in December 1825, where the southern part of Akron's downtown neighborhood is now, Irish laborers working in the Ohio Canal build about 100 cabins nearby in the fall.
Because of Eliakim Crosby's "North Akron" (Cascade) establishment in the north of what is now downtown Akron in 1833, "South" was added to Akron's name until about 3 years later, when the two were merged and became a village incorporated in 1836 In 1840, Summit County was formed from parts of Portage, Medina, and Stark Counties. Akron replaced Cuyahoga Falls as his county seat a year later and opened a canal connecting it to Beaver, Pennsylvania, helping to produce stoneware, sewer pipe, fishing and agricultural equipment industries. In 1844, abolitionist John Brown moved to John Brown House across the street from business partner Colonel Simon Perkins, who lives in Perkins Stone Mansion. Akron School Law of 1847 started the K-12 primary school system, which is currently used in every US state. Also in 1847, the Akron Public School system was established, as well as the first school built, which is now a museum located on Broadway Street near the corner of the Exchange in what would become the original Akron before the 1836 merger.
1850s-1890s: Summit City
When the Ohio Women's Rights Convention came to Akron in 1851, Sojourner Truth spontaneously delivered a speech entitled "Is not I A Woman?", In the Old Stone Universalist Church. In association with the church, John R. Buchtel founded Buchtel College in 1870, renamed the University of Akron in 1913. Purchased a factory in 1856, Ferdinand Schumacher produced a mass of barley bars used by the Union Armed Forces during the American Civil War, high demand thereafter. Akron was included as a city in 1865. Philanthropist Lewis Miller, Walter Blythe, and architect Jacob Snyder designed the widely used Akron Plan, debuting at Akron's First Episcopal Church in 1872. Many congregation, Baptist and Presbyterian churches were built between the years 1870s and World War I used it. In 1883, a local journalist started the modern toy industry by setting up the Akron Toy Company. A year later, the first popular toy was the mass production clay marbles created by Samuel C. Dyke at his shop where Lock 3 Park is now. Other popular discoveries include rubber balloons, ducks, dolls, balls, baby buggy bumpers, and small chocolate pitchers. In 1895, the first long-distance electric train, Akron, Bedford and Cleveland Railroad, began operating. On August 25, 1889, the Boston Daily Globe called Akron the nickname "The Peak City". To help the local police, the city deployed the first US police car to use electricity.
1900s-1990s: Rubber Capital of the World
The 1900 riots resulted in city officials being attacked, two deaths, and the Columbia Hall and City Fire Center (now the Town Hall since 1925) burned to the ground. The American truck industry was born through Akron's Rubber Capital of the World era when four big tire companies Goodrich Corporation (1869), Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (1898), Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (1900), and General Tire (1915) headquartered in the city. The sheer number of jobs the rubber factories provided for the deaf caused Akron to be called the "Deaf Junction". On Easter Sunday 1913, Akron's total rainfall recorded 9.55 inches resulting in a flood that killed five citizens and destroyed the Ohio and Erie Canal system. From 1916-1920 10,000 schoolgirls took part in the successful Akron Experiment, testing the iodized salt to prevent goitre on what is known as "Mumps Belt". Akron & amp; The National Marble tournament was made in 1923, by Roy W. Howard, owned by the Akron District Aker and Akron Beacon Journal tournament some time before it ended permanently in the 1960s.
Rubber companies respond to housing crunches by building affordable housing for workers. President Goodyear, F.A. Seiberling, build Goodyear Heights neighborhood for employees. Likewise, Harvey Firestone builds Firestone Park environments for its employees. During the decade of 1910-1920, Akron became boomtown, becoming the fastest growing city in America with a population increase of 201.8%. Of the 208,000 residents, nearly a third are immigrants (also Clark Gable) and their children from various places including Europe and West Virginia. In 1929 and 1931 Goodyear, a subsidiary of Goodyear-Zeppelin produced two airships for the US Navy, USS Akron (ZRS-4) and USS Macon (ZRS-5). Goodyear built a number of air balloons for the Navy during World War II and then for advertising purposes. Akron again grew when Kenmore was annexed by voter approval on 6 November 1928. Found hiding under the bed in one of his hiding places in the city, the famous bank robber Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd was arrested under the name "Frank Mitchell" in March 1930. Goodyear became America's top tire manufacturer after joining The Kelly-Springfield Tire Company in 1935. Lasted for five weeks and consisted of about 5,000 strikers including union sympathizers from other factories and neighboring countries, Akron Rubber Strike in 1936 successfully used " sit-down "tactics organized by the Union Rubber Workers. During the 1950s the Akron 60s soared due to the use of the car. The historic Rubber Bowl was used by the US National Guard as a base during the Wooster Road Damage Riots of 1968. Like many other industries of the Rust Belt, both the tire and rubber industries suffered a major setback. In the early 1990s, Goodyear was the last major tire manufacturer based in Akron.
2000s: City of Discovery
Although the number of rubber workers decreased by about half from 2000-07, Akron's research in polymers gained an international reputation. Now the center of the Polymer Valley is made up of 400 polymer-related companies, of which 94 are in the city itself. The study focused on the University of Akron, which is home to the Goodyear Polymer Center and the National Polymer Innovation Center, and the College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering. Due to his contribution to the Information Age, Newsweek listed the fifth Akron of ten high-tech heaven in 2001. In 2008 "City of Discovery" was added to the seal when the All-America City Award was received for the third time. Some 2014 Gay Game events use the city as a place. In 2013, The Goodyear Tire & amp; The Rubber Company opened its new global headquarters on Innovation Road, which further strengthened the company's relationship with the city [3].
The city also continues to face the effects of air and soil pollution from its industrial past. In the southwestern part of the city, contaminated soils and hazardous PCB-laden fumes were airborne by deconstruction of electric transformers that existed from the 1930s through the 1960s. Site cleaning, designated as a Superfund site by the Environmental Protection Agency, began in 1987 and ended in 2000. This area remains limited by regular review of its underground sites and aquifers.
Maps Akron, Ohio
Geography
Akron is located in the Great Lakes region about 39 miles (63 km) south of Lake Erie, in Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. It borders Cuyahoga Falls to the north and Barberton to the southwest. It is the center of the Akron Metropolitan Statistics Area that includes the Portage Summit and the Portage Districts, and the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistics Area. Located at the western tip of the plateau, Akron topography includes hills and varied terrain. The Ohio and Erie Canal pass through the city, separating east from the west. Akron has the only biogas facility in the United States that produces methane through a process of decomposing sludge to generate electricity. According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of ââ62.37 square miles (161.5 km 2 ), where 62.03 square miles (160.7 km 2 ) (or 99.45%) is ground and 0.34 square miles (0.88 km 2 ) (or 0.55%) is water.
Climate
Akron has a humid continental climate (KÃÆ'öppen Dfa ), typical of the Midwest, with four distinct seasons, and is located in the USDA 6b hardiness zones, slipping into zone 6a in a remote suburb. Winter is cold and dry but usually carries a mixture of rain, hail and snow with heavy snow and ice. January is the coldest month with an average average temperature of 26.1 ° F (-3.3 ° C), with average temperatures down to or below 0 ° C (-18 ° C) at 3.8 days and live at or below freezing point at 41 days per year. The average snowfall is 47.5 inches (121 cm) per season, much lower than the snowy areas closer to Lake Erie. The snowyest recorded moon was 37.5 inches (95 cm) in January 1978, while the amount of winter snow ranged from 82.0 inches (197 inches) in 1977-1978 to 18.2 inches (46 cm) in the year 1949-50. Springs generally see the transition to fewer weather systems that produce more dense rain. Summer is usually very warm and humid with temperatures at or above 90 à ° F (32 à ° C) averaging 8.0 days per year; the annual count has been as high as 36 days in 1931, while the final year for not reaching that mark is 2004. July is the warmest month with an average average temperature of 72.0 à ° F (22 à ° C). Autumn is relatively dry with lots of bright sunny days and cool evenings.
The all-time high temperature record in the Akron of 104 ° F (40 ° C) was established on August 6, 1918, and the lowest temperature record along the -25 ° F (-32 ° C) was set on January 19, 1994. The first freeze and last season's average fall on October 18 and April 26, respectively, allowing the season to plant 174 days. The normal annual mean temperature is 49.8 à ° F (9.9 à ° C). The normal annual rainfall based on the 30-year average from 1981-2010 is 39.62 inches (1.006 mm), falling on an average of 158 days. The monthly rainfall ranged from 12.55 in (319 mm) in July 2003 to 0.20 in (5.1 mm) in September 1960, while for annual rainfall, the historical range was 65.70 at (1.669 mm) at from 1990 to 23.79 at (604 mm) in 1963.
Cityscape
Architecture
As a result of the merging of various cities, and the booming industry, Akron's architecture is diverse.
Originally a canal city, the city is divided into two parts by Ohio and the Erie Canal, with a central city centered on it. Throughout the key, the city has a rubberized paved road.
Akron was awarded the City Livability Award in 2008 for his efforts to build a new school building as a community learning center. In 2009, the National Arbor Day Foundation appointed Akron as Tree City USA for the 14th time.
Many municipalities and civilian buildings, including City Hall, and County Courthouse, but Akron-Summit County Public Library, and John S. Knight Center are much newer. The Library opened in 1969 but reopened as a highly expanded facility in 2004. The Knight Center opened in 1994.
The First Methodical Episcopal Church first used the Akron Plan in 1872, the plan then gained popularity, used in many Congregationalists, Baptists, and Presbyterians.
The city is home to the historic 1920s movie court palace, the Akron Civic Theater. One feature of the building is the starry sky with clouds floating above it when the lights are dimmed.
Completed in 1931, Akron's tallest building, Huntington Tower, features an art deco style and terra-cotta architecture. Standing 330 feet (100 m), built over the Hamilton House, was completed in 1900 in a neo-gothic style. Near the turn of the millennium the tower was given a $ 2.5 million facelift, including a $ 1.8 million terra-cotta, brick and limestone restoration. The top of the building has a television broadcast tower, previously used by WAKR-TV (now WVPX-TV) and WAKR-AM. The antenna reaches 134.7 meters (442 feet). Located on the campus of the University of Akron, Goodyear Polymer Center, is a twin glass tower connected by sidewalks. The university also utilizes the former Quaker Oats factory as a dormitory and shopping mall called Quaker Square.
The Akron Art Museum commissioned Coop Himmelblau to design the expansion in 2007. The new building is connected to the old building and is divided into three sections known as "Crystal", "Gallery Box", and "Roof Cloud".
The contrasting environment between Goodyear Heights and Firestone Park was built during the rubber industry for home workers and their families.
Nearby Areas
Akron is comprised of 21 neighborhoods, with three additional unrelated but recognized within the city. Urban environments differ in design largely because of expansions such as city incorporation, annexation, residential development across various time periods, and rubber era.
Maple Valley covers the western end of Copley Road, before reaching I-77. Along these lines there are several companies that use their names, as well as the Maple Valley Branch of the Akron-Summit County Public Library. Spicertown is under the University College blanket, the term is often used to describe student-centered retail and residential areas around the East Exchange and Spicer's streets, near the University of Akron. West Hill is roughly constrained by West Market Street to the north, West Exchange Street to the south, Downtown on the East, and Rhodes Avenue to the west. It features many older older homes, especially in the recently recognized Oakdale Historic District.
Suburbs
The Akron suburbs include Barberton, Cuyahoga Falls, Fairlawn, Green, Mogadore, Montrose, Munroe Falls, Norton, Silver Lake, Stow, and Tallmadge. Akron formed the Joint Economic Development District with the cities of Springfield, Coventry, Copley, and Bath (along with Fairlawn).
Culture
Akron is home to E. J. Thomas Hall, one of three Akron showrooms. Regular actions include the Akron Symphony Orchestra, Tuesday Musical Club, and Children's Concert Society. World class performances include Broadway musicals, ballet, comedy, lectures, entertainers, attracting 400,000 visitors annually. The hall occupied 2,955, divided among three levels. To maintain a top-notch acoustic sound, counter-weighted ceilings can be adjusted, changing the physical dimensions of the hall. Located in the city center is the Akron Civic Theater, which opened in 1929 as Loew's Theater. This atmospheric style theater is designed by John Eberson and contains many Moorish features including arches and decorative tiles. It features intricate woodcuts, alabaster statues, and European antiques. The theater has 5,000 seats. Behind him on the canal is the 3rd Park Locks, which annually host First Night in Akron. The Akron Art Museum is also a city center, featuring art produced since 1850 along with national and international exhibitions. Opened in 1922 as the Akron Art Institute located in the basement of the Akron Public Library. It moved to its current location in an old 1899 post office building renovated in 1981. In 2007, the museum was more than tripled with the addition of John S. and James L. Knight Building, which received the 2005 American Architectural Award from the Chicago Athenaeum while still under construction.
Built between 1912 and 1915 for Frank Seiberling, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens is ranked seventh in the list of Biggest Historical Houses in the United States. Located within Sand Run Metro Park, 104 acres (0.42 km 2 ) The FA Seiberling Nature Realm has a visitor center, hiking trails, three pools, parks and special programs throughout the year. The Akron Police Museum displays reminiscences including items from Pretty Boy Floyd, whose gang often visits the city. The city is home to several other galleries and museums including the American Marble and Toy Museum and Don Drumm Studios & amp; Gallery.
Movies and TV
Akron has served as a setting for several major studios and independent films. Inaugurated as National Film Registry, Dance, Girl, Dance (1940), tells the story of two dancers from Akron who go to New York City. My name is Bill W. (1989) tells the true story of Bill Wilson who founded Alcoholics Anonymous, which held its first meeting at Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens and has more than two million members today. The program connection to Saint Thomas Hospital was referred to in an episode of the Prison Break television series (2005), where Michael Scofield spoke with Sara Tancredi on the phone while there. The Akron Armory is used as a venue for women's wrestling teams in ... All the Marbles (1981). More Than Just a Game (2009) documenting National Basketball Association player LeBron James and the team of St. Vincent-high school. In the Drake music video to Forever (2009) from More Than a Game Soundtrack (2009), the Goodyear icon logo above the company theater is shown. The city has been the subject of many media portrayals, from "Hell on Earth" in the television series I'm In Hell (2007), to the existence of a sacred lady in The Virgin of Akron, Ohio (2007). Henry Spivey from My Worst Enemy (2008), traveled to Akron through the series many times. George Costanza in episode Seinfeld (1989), flew to town. M.Y.O.B. (2008) centered on an Akron escape girl named Riley Veatch. Jake Foley of Jake 2.0 (2003), the Pickles family of Rugrats (1991), and J.Reid of In Too Deep (1999) also comes from the city. Akron is also in the spotlight on the Criminal Minds television show "Compromising Positions" (2010) Season 6, Episode 4. The 2015 film space is based in Akron. Harvey's film (1950) refers to Akron several times.
In popular culture
In Needful Things, a novel by Stephen King, the character of Leland Gaunt comes from Akron. Also, in the musical comedy Glee, Vocal Adrenaline, a rival of New Directions, came from a fictional Carmel High School in Akron. In the novel dystopian Unwind (and its sequels), by Neal Shusterman, one of the main characters, Connor Lassiter, was dubbed the "Akron AWOL" after the city became his famous refuge from the Juve-cops. The antique shop in Akron also plays an important part in the Unwind series.
Thomas and Beulah , a poetry book written by Original Poets Advisor and Poet in Poetry to the Library of Congress, Rita Dove, tells the story of his grandmother and grandfather, who separately moved from the South into the city, where they lived through The Great Depression and the rest of their lives. The city is also a setting for The Coast of Akron's novel, by former editor of Esquire, Adrienne Miller. To reflect Akron's decline during the 1980s, the original Akron Chrissie Hynde wrote the Pretenders song "My City Was Gone". The title of the Black Keys album Rubber Factory refers to the former recorded Goodrich Corporation rubber plant. Akron serves as the first in-game PC platform person-shooter video setting, No One Lives Forever 2: A Spy In H.A.RM. Way .
Tourism â ⬠<â â¬
There are many attractions and points of interest in the Akron area. The Akron Art Museum has been in operation since 1922 and is currently located in the city center, featuring over 20,000 square feet of art produced since 1850. Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens is a F.A plantation. Seiberling, founder of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. The castle houses many attractions and public events throughout the year. In the heart of downtown, the Akron Civic Theater has been providing communities for entertainment and live shows for over eighty years. Lock 3, historic Ohio and Erie Canalway landmark, has been transformed into an amusement amphitheater that hosts year-round festivals, concerts and community events. The Akron Zoo is located outside the city center, and is an early gift from the property of the founding family of the city. At Highland Square, Akron hosts an annual convergence of art, music and community called Art in the Square, a festival featuring local artists and musicians.
The annual national events held at Akron include a wide range of hobbies and interests. The PGA World Golf Championship travels to Akron every year for Bridgestone Invitational at Firestone Country Club. The All-American Soap Box Derby is a youth racing program that has a World Championship final at Derby Downs. In mid-July, the National Hamburger Festival consists of various vendors presenting original hamburger recipes and having a Miss Hamburger contest. Lock 3 Park annually hosts the First Night Akron on New Year's Eve. The park also annually hosts the Italian Festival and food festivals "Rib, White & Blue" in July. Founders Day is celebrated every year due to the establishment of Alcoholics Anonymous inside the city.
Cuisine
Some residents of Akron have played a role in defining American cuisine. Ferdinand Schumacher created the first American oatmeal and was the pioneer of breakfast cereals. He also founded the Empire Barley Mill and the German Mills American Oatmeal Company, which would later join several times with other companies, with results as Quaker Oats Company. The Menches Brothers, is a controversial finder on waffle ice cream, caramelized corn, and hamburger. Beer, BORIS The Crusher Oatmeal-Imperial Stout, brewed by Beetle Hoppin 'Brewing Company located in the city, won first place in the Imperial Stout category at the Great American Beer Festival 2008, and the company was named the world's 24th best brewer for 2010 by RateBeer.com The famous restaurants in Akron are Luigi's Pizzeria (founded in 1949) and The Diamond Grille. Other places include Crave, Bricco, Cilantro, Diamond Deli, Urban Eats, Mary Coyle Ice Cream, Swenson, Ken Stewart, Tangier, Louie's, Duffy's, New Era, Frozen Custard Strickland and Hamburger Station. The rivalry between Swenson and Skyway, is broadcast on Feuds Iron Food Chef Michael Symon, who won the Swenson.
Oral dialect
Although Akron is in northern Ohio, where the North Inland dialect is expected, his settlement history places him in the North Midland dialect area. Some of the growing localisms include the devilstrip, which refers to the grass strip between the sidewalk and the road.
Sports
The RubberDucks has won the Eastern League Championship five times, the last in 2016.
Almost grew 87% that year, Akron Road Runner Marathon has been successively getting participants from the start. It was announced that Akron will host several events from Gay Games 2014 including marathons, men's and women's golf tournaments at Firestone Country Club, and softball at Firestone Stadium. The All-American Soap Box Derby is held annually at the Derby Downs since 1936. The Firestone Country Club, annually host the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational and in past tournaments, including the PGA Championship, the American Golf Classic and Rubber City Open Invitational.. On January 7, 1938, Akron became the birthplace of professional Women's Wrestling Wrest, in a match including Professional Wrestling and Observer Wrestling Observer of Hall, Mildred Burke. The Professional Bowlers Association started in the city during 1958. LeBron James' King for Kids bicycle-a-thon features James on horseback with children through the city every June. In November, the city hosted an annual Home Run to run 4 miles of Homeless.
College sports
As home to the University of Akron, the city is also home to Akron Zip, which competes in the NCAA and Mid-America Conference (MAC) in various sports at Division I level. The men's basketball team appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 1986, 2009, 2011, and 2013. In 2009, Zip's men's football team finished the regular season unbeaten, then won the Division I NCAA Men's Football Division in 2010. Zippy, one of eight women's NCAA mascots, won the National Mascot contest this Year in 2007.
Previous team
Former Akron teams include Akron Professional (National Football League), Goodyear Silents (Akbar Black Tyrites (Negro League), Akron United (International Hockey League) Summit Assault USL Premier Development League (PDL), fourth tier of American Soccer Pyramid, and Akron Wingfoots (National Basketball League), who won the first NBL Championship and the International Cup three times. The Akron Firestone Non-Skids (National Basketball League), then won consecutive titles, in 1939 and 1940. The historic Rubber Bowl is home to 1920's National League Football Championship winner Akron Professionals.
Parks and recreation
The main parks in Akron include Key 3, Firestone, Goodyear Heights, Sea Nature F.A. Seiberling (or Alamalm), and part of the Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Several parks along the canal lock. Lock 3 Park in downtown Akron is a downtown for entertainment. It's usually used as an outdoor amphitheater that provides live music entertainment, festivals and special events throughout the year. The park was created in the early 21st century to provide green space within the city of Akron. The Ohio and Erie Canals can still be seen flowing backstage where there has once been a boat yard and a dry pier. Then, a pottery factory stood there until the parking deck of department store M. O'Neil Co. built in the current location. Over 65,000 guests use the park for recreation every year. During Lock 3 Live, he held concerts for almost every genre of music, including alternate, R & amp; B, reggae, gospel, country, pop, jazz, and classic rock. Several year-round park festivals include the opening ceremony of Derby Soap Boxes, fire-fighting competitions, charity events, tournaments and animal events. From November to February, Lock 3 Park is transformed into an outdoor ice-skating rink. Adjacent to Derby Downs hillside is an outdoor skatepark of 19,000 square feet (1,800 m2). The park has a concrete slope, including two 7-foot (2.1 m) tall bowls, a snake track, two hips, a gear-lined staircase, lots of smaller quarter pipes and a variety of grinding boxes. Positioned just meters from Akron Skatepark is a BMX Pro course where organized races are often held in the warmer months. Akron residents can enjoy a variety of ice skating activities throughout the year at the historic Akron Ice House.
The Ohio and Erie Canal towpath is a bike path and a regional hike that follows the canal. A bridge was completed in 2008, crossing Route 59/The Innerbelt, which connects a proper landing lane with a bicycle route painted on downtown streets, completing another step towards the Cleveland and East Liverpool connections with hiking and bike trails. The State of Ohio plans to reconstruct the ever-running trail entirely through Ohio, to New Philadelphia from Cleveland. This trail has an observation deck section floating above Lake Summit. It is a popular tourist attraction, as it attracts more than 2 million visits each year. The Portage Hike and Bike Trail, when completed completely, will connect with hiking and bike trails in this area.
Media
Akron is presented in print by the daily Akron Beacon Journal, which was the main newspaper of the Knights Newspaper chain; weekly "The Akron Reporter"; and the weekly West Side Leader and Akron Life monthly magazine. Buchtelite newspaper was published by the University of Akron.
Akron is less than 40 miles (64 km) from Cleveland and is part of the Cleveland-Akron (Canton) media market, the 18th largest market in the US. However, WAOH-CD, WEAO (PBS), WVPX (ION), and WBNX-TV (CW) are licensed to Akron. WAOH and WEAO serve the city of Akron in particular, while WBNX and WVPX identify themselves as Akron/Cleveland , serving the entire Northeast Ohio market. Akron did not have an indigenous news broadcast, missing the only news station when the former WAKC became WVPX in 1996. WVPX and Cleveland's WKYC then provided a joint news program, which was canceled in 2005.
On the radio side, Akron is served by WZIP 88.1 (Top 40/College - University of Akron), WAPS 91.3 (Various formats: local artists, modern rock, blues, jazz and public radio), WAKR 1590 (Oldies), WKDD 98.1 (Adults contemporary), WHLO 640 (News/talk), WJMP 1520 (Silent), WKSU 89.7 (National Public Radio and Classical Music, operated from Kent State University campus), WONE 97.5 (Classic Rock), WNIR-FM 100.1 (News/talks) ), WSTB 88.9 (Alternative), WARF 1350 (Fox Sports Ohio), WQMX 94.9 (Country), WRQK 106.9 (Rock), and WHOF 101.7 (AC).
Economy
Many industries in the United States are starting or influenced by cities. Having started the tire and rubber industry during the 20th century with the founding of Goodrich, Firestone, General Tire, as well as the Goodyear merger with The Kelly-Springfield Tire Company obtaining the status, "Rubber Capital of the World". Akron has won such economic awards for City Livability and All-American City, and is considered to be a highly technological paradise that strongly contributes to the Information Age. The current Fortune 500 company headquartered in the city includes Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and FirstEnergy. In addition, the city is home to a number of other well-known companies such as GOJO, Advanced Elastomer Systems, Myers Industries, Acme Fresh Market, and Sterling Jewelers. Goodyear, the largest tire manufacturer in America and the fifth largest private company in Summit County, recently built a new headquarters in the city. The project, Akron Riverwalk, will feature large retail and commercial development areas. The project started in 2007, but was postponed due to the financial crisis of 2007-2010, and is now continuing. Bridgestone built a new technical center with R & amp; D, and relocated its product development operations to new facilities in early 2012. The East Ohio Division of KeyBank, which has six branches in the city, is building a regional headquarters downtown. The city has a free WiFi corridor centered in the city center. Nearby neighborhoods include Goodyear Heights, East Akron, North Hill, Firestone Park, Kenmore, and West Akron.
Polymer Valley
Northeast Ohio's Polymer Valley is based in Akron. This area holds forty-five percent of the country's polymer industry, with the oldest from the 19th century. It is considered to be the country's polymer manufacturing center, due to the educational resources, minerals, and transportation of the area. During the 1980s and 1990s, the entry of new polymer companies came to the region. In 2001, more than 400 companies produced polymer based materials in the region. Many scientists from the University of Akron became world famous for their research conducted at the Goodyear Polymer Center. The first college of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering was started by the university. In 2010, the National Polymer Innovation Center opened on campus.
Hospital
Akron has established an area called the Biomedical Corridor, which aims to lure health-related efforts into the region. It includes 1,240 acres of private and public property, bordered by Akron General on the west and Akron City to the east, and also includes Akron Children's near the district center with the former Saint Thomas Hospital just north of the northern border. Since its inception in 2006, the corridor added corporate headquarters such as Akron Polymer Systems.
Adult hospital Akron is owned by two health systems, Summa Health System and Akron General Health System. Summa Health System operates Akron City Hospital and St. Hospital Thomas, who in 2008 was recognized for 11 consecutive years as one of "America's Best Hospitals" by AS News & amp; World Report. Summa is recognized to have one of the best orthopedic programs in the country with the 28th rank. Akron General Health affiliated with the Cleveland Clinic operates the Akron General Medical Center, which in 2009 was recognized as one of the "Best Hospitals in America" ââby the U.S. News & amp; World Report. Akron Children's Hospital is an independent entity specializing in childcare and burn care. In 1974, Dr. Howard Igel and Dr. Aaron Freeman manages to grow human skin in the laboratory to treat burn victims, making Akron Children's Hospital the world's first hospital to achieve such a feat. Akron City and Akron General Hospital are designated as Level I Trauma Centers.
Top entrepreneurs
According to the 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the main employers in the city are:
Government and politics
Mayor Akron was elected in a vote throughout the city. In 2016, the city chose the 62nd mayor. The city is divided into 10 wards, each choosing members of the Akron City Council, while 3 additions are widely selected. The current mayor's cabinet consists of directors and deputy directors of administration, communications, public relations, economic development, intergovernmental relations, employment relations, law, planning & urban development, planning - representative, public safety, and public service directors. The city adopted a new charter of the type of commissioner manager in 1920, but returned to its old form in 1924.
The current mayor is Dan Horrigan. Long Akron Mayor Don Plusquellic announced on May 8, 2015 that he resigned as Mayor of Akron City after 28 years as mayor, and his retirement from politics after 41 years of service to the City of Akron, effective on May 31, 2015. On May 31, 2015, Garry Moneypenny , former Deputy Chief and Sheriff Assistant of the Summit County Sheriff's Department, former Springfield City Police Department Chief of Police, and former President of Akron City Council, sworn in as new mayor at East High School.
On Friday, June 5, less than a week after he took office, Mayor Moneypenny announced that he did not run for full term due to inappropriate contacts with a city employee. On Monday, June 8, 2015, Mayor Moneypenny announced he would resign from midnight effectively on Wednesday, June 10. Council chairman Jeff Fusco assumes Mayor's duties on June 11, 2015. Mayor Fusco runs and is elected to an at-large seat of the council, rather than seeking full term as mayor. The mayor of Fusco also announced he would step down temporarily as Chief of the Democratic Party of the Peak Region, because the city's charter called for the Mayor to devote himself completely to the city.
On Wednesday, July 1, three Democrats and one Republican ran for Mayor Akron. Democratic nominees are the High Court Clerks and former members of the Council of 4 Dan Horrigan; at-large Board Member Mike Williams; and Summit County Councilman, Frank Communale. The main winner of the Democrats on 8 September is Dan Horrigan and he faces lawyer Eddie Sipplin in the general election. Sipplin, an African-American criminal defense lawyer, is the only Republican candidate to run. On Tuesday 3 November 2015, Dan Horrigan was elected the 62nd mayor of the city of Akron. He officially took office on January 1, 2016.
Anggota Dewan Kota saat ini adalah:
- Ward 1 - Rich Swirsky (D)
- Ward 2 - Bruce Kilby (D)
- Ward 3 - Margo Sommerville (D), Presiden Dewan
- Ward 4 - Russell C. Neal Jr. (D)
- Ward 5 - Tara Mosley-Samples (D)
- Ward 6 - Bob Hoch (D)
- Ward 7 - Donnie Kammer (D),
- Ward 8 - Marilyn Keith (D),
- Ward 9 - Mike Freeman (D)
- Ward 10 - Zack Milkovich (D) Presiden Pro Tem
- Di Besar - Linda Omobien (D)
- Di Besar - Jeff Fusco (D) Wakil Presiden Dewan
- Di Large - Veronica Sims (D)
- Panitera - Bob Keith (D)
Urusan Kemanusiaan
Aside from the city's founder, Simon Perkins, negotiated an agreement with Native Americans to create a postal route from the Connecticut West Reserve to Detroit in 1807, others took part in Historical humanitarian affairs in Akron. In addition to being part of the Underground Railroad, when active, John Brown is a resident, today has two landmarks (John Brown House) and (John Brown Monument) dedicated to him. During the 1851 Women's Rights Convention, Sojourner Truth delivered his speech entitled "Is not I a Woman?". In 1905, an Indian sculpture called Unk was founded in Portage Path, which is part of the effective western boundary of the White and Native Land of America from 1785 to 1805. Summit County's Ku Klux Klan chapter reports having 50,000 members, making it the largest local branch in this country during the 20th century. At some point the sheriff, the county official, the mayor of Akron, the judge, the county commissioner, and most members of Akron's school board were members. The Clan influence in city politics finally ended after Wendell Willkie, arriving and challenging them. Race took part in two major Akron riots, the 1900 Riot and Wooster Ave. The riots of 1968. Others gave racial speeches, in the city including Drs. W.E.B. Du Bois (1920) and President Bill Clinton (1997). In 1971, Alpha Phi Alpha Homes Inc. was founded in Akron by the chapter Eta Tau Lambda, with James R. Williams as chairman. Its center, Henry Arthur Callis Tower, is located in the Channelwood Village area of ââthe city. In 2008, Akron, 91, Addie Polk, became the poster child of the 2007-2010 financial crisis, after shooting himself.
Demographics
According to census data from 2010-2014, the average income for households in the city is $ 34,139. The per capita income for the city is $ 17,596. About 26.7% of people are in poverty.
Akron has a metropolitan population of 703,203 (US Census Bureau, 2010). Akron is also part of the Combined Territory of Cleveland-Akron-Canton Joint Statistics, which is the 15th largest in the country with a population of more than 3.5 million according to the 2010 Census.
census 2010
At the 2010 census, there were 199,110 people, 83,712 households, and 47,084 families living in the city. Population density was 3.209.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,239.3/km 2 ). There are 96,288 housing units with an average density of 1,552.3 per square mile (599.3/km 2 ). City's racial makeup is 62.2% White, 31.5% African American, 0.2% Native Americans, 2.1% Asian, 0.8% of other races, and 3.2% of two or more races. Hispanic or Latino from any race is 2.1% of the population. Non-Hispanic whites were 61.2% of the population, down from 81.0% in 1970.
There were 83,712 households, 28.8% of whom had children under 18 living with them, 31.3% were married couples living together, 19.5% had non-husbands female households, 5.5% had homes male ladder without wife presence, and 43.8% are not family. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.98.
The average age in the city is 35.7 years. 22.9% of the population is under 18 years of age; 12.4% is between 18 and 24; 25.9% are 25 to 44; 25.9% is from 45 to 64; and 12.6% are 65 years old or older. The city gender makeup is 48.3% male and 51.7% female.
Education
Preschool, primary and secondary education is primarily provided by the Akron City School District. District planning began in 1840, when Ansel Miller advised to build a free public school for all children in the city, paid for by property taxes. After enduring much opposition by the citizens, in 1843 Miller joined the Reverend Isaac Jennings. Three years later, Jennings became chair of a citizen committee that discussed how to improve the school system. On November 21, 1846, their plan was unanimously approved by the citizens. The Ohio legislature adopted the plan, called "An act for better support and regulation of the Public School in the City of Akron" on February 8, 1847. Akron's first public school was founded in the fall of 1847 and headed by Mortimer Leggett.. The first annual report shows that it costs less than $ 2 a year to educate a child. In 1857 the cost of running a school for a year was $ 4,200. Primary schools are taught by young women, who are justified by the Akron Council of Education because they can be paid less and are under the supervision of a male jail chief. From 1877 to 1952, Akron graduated students every semester, not every year. 9% of the city-school age population was born in another country in 1888. In 1920, the Americanization program was designed to help many Akron students who were the first generation of Americans. Classes are in rubber companies and some schools. The "secondary school" starts for boys and girls workers who are required by law to have at least four hours of school a week. In 1924, Akron's platoon school attracted visitors from all over the country. Being a Ku Klux Klan camp for decades, the majority of school councils and government officials are members. Their influence ended with the arrival of Wendell Willkie. During the boom town phase of the 1950s, Akron's school grew eight times faster than the city's population. In 1967, Kenmore launched the Air Force JROTC. In 1971, Jennings piloted a high school model, which moved the ninth graders to high school. In 1984, kindergartens throughout the day were tested at Seiberling, Rankin and Hatton schools, and Ellet, East and Garfield high schools piloted a suspension program at school. This district received an A evaluation of the country in 1987.
The city is home to the University of Akron, whose Princeton Review was listed among the best in the Midwest, in 2008. Originally Buchtel College, the school is home to the Goodyear Polymer Center and the National Polymer Innovation Center. All Akron Public Schools are currently undergoing a $ 800 million rebuilding process for 15 years. Recently schools in the city have been moved from "Academic Watch" to "Continuous Improvement" by the Ohio Department of Education. Akron also has many private schools, parishes and charter. Akron Public School made headlines in 2004 when new student Akron Digital Academy, the county's online charter school itself, was not allowed to participate in extracurricular activities, the event was then closed and satirized by The Daily Show . National Basketball Association player LeBron James attends St. Vincent-St. Mary High School.
Transportation
Airport
The main terminal used by airplane passengers to or from Akron is Akron-Canton Regional Airport, serving nearly 2 million passengers per year. The Akron-Canton airport is a commercial Class C airport located in the city of Green, about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Akron operated jointly by Stark and Summit districts. It serves as an alternative for travelers to or from the Cleveland area as well. Akron Fulton International Airport is a public aviation airport located in and owned by the City of Akron that caters to private planes. It first opened in 1929 and has been operating in several different capacities since then. The airport has scheduled commercial airline services until the 1950s and is now used for cargo and personal aircraft. This is Lockheed Martin Airdock's house, where the airshow of Goodyear, dirigibles, and blimps were originally kept and maintained. The Goodyear air balloon is now outside Akron at a facility on the shores of Lake Wingfoot in adjacent Suffield Township.
Railway
Akron Northside Station is a railway station on 27 Ridge Street along the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad.
Due to the big city rubber industry, Akron has been served by various railways that compete for the city's passenger and freight business. The largest of these railroads is the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the Erie Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. Smaller regional railroads include Akron Canton and Youngstown Railroad, the Northern Ohio Railway, and the Akron Barberton Belt Railroad. Currently the city is served only by CSX Corporation which has a de facto monopoly on all rail transport to and from the city. There is currently no passenger train transportation.
Bus and public transport
Public transport is available through the METRO Regional Transit Authority system, which has a fleet of over two hundred buses and trolleys and operates local routes and runs a commuter bus to downtown Cleveland. The Stark Area Transit Authority (SARTA) also has a bus line connecting Canton and Akron and the Portage Area (PARTA) Transport Authority runs an express route linking the University of Akron with Kent State University. Metro RTA operates from the Robert K. Pfaff Transit Center on South Broadway Street. The facility, which opened in 2009, also provides inter-city bus transportation available through Greyhound Lines.
Highway
Akron is served by two major interstate highways that divide the two cities. Unlike other cities, the division did not occur in the Central Business District, nor did the intercity serve downtown; instead, the Akron Innerbelt and at the lower level Ohio State Route 8 serve these functions.
- Interstate 77 connects Marietta, Ohio to Cleveland, Ohio. In Akron, features 15 intersections, four of which allow highway movement to the highway. It runs north-south in the southern part of the city to the junction with I-76, where it takes turns west as concurrency with Interstate 76.
- Interstate 76 connects Interstate 71 to Youngstown, Ohio, and further around. It runs east-west and has 18 intersections in Akron, four of which are highways to the freeway. The East Leg was rebuilt in the 1990s to showcase six lanes and again incorporate lines. Concurrency with Interstate 77 is eight lanes. Kenmore Leg is a four-lane leg that is less than two miles (3 km) long and is connected to Interstate 277.
- Interstate 277 is an east-west impulse formed with US 224 after I-76 split northward to form Kenmore Leg. This is a six-track and hymn with AS 224.
- The Akron Innerbelt is a six-lane, 2.24 mile (3.60 km) spur of the I-76/I-77 concurrency and serves the urban core of the city. The ramp is the direction of the interstate, so it only serves western side drivers. ODOT is considering changing this design to attract more traffic to the route. The freeway came to a sudden end near the northern border of the city center where he became Martin Luther King Jr.. Boulevard. The freeway itself is officially known as "The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Freeway". The toll road was originally designed to connect directly to State Route 8, but plans were put to rest in the mid-1970s due to financial problems.
- Ohio State Route 8 is an original state highway that is a limited access point that connects Akron's northern rim with Interstates 76 and 77. The southern terminal of State Route 8 is at a central intersection, where it meets I-76 and I-77. The second toll road in Akron will be completed, it underwent a major overhaul in 2003 with new ramps and access roads. In 2007, ODOT began a project to improve roads to the standard interstate highway north of Akron from State Route 303 to I-271, providing a high-speed alternative to Cleveland.
Crime
In 1999, Akron was ranked 94th of the most dangerous and safest cities, on Morgan Quitno's 7th list. Early Ohio crime statistics show an aggravated assault increased by 45% during 2007. Akron became the first city in the United States to train and equip officers with CornerShot, to assist them in the fight against crime. The city invented the first patrol car to help the officers.
Historically, organized crime operates in the city with the presence of Black Hands led by Rosario Borgio, once based on the north side of the city in the first decade of the 20th century and Walker-Mitchell > mob, the Pretty Boy Floyd is a member. Akron has experienced several unrest in its history including the 1900 Riot and Wooster Avenue Riot in 1968.
Methamphetamine history
The distribution of methamphetamine ("meth") in Akron greatly contributes to Summit County known as "Meth Capital of Ohio". The county is ranked third in the country in the number of registered methane sites. During the 1990s, motorcycle gangs of Hells Angels sold drugs from bars frequented by members. Between January 2004 and August 2009, the city has a site that is significantly more registered than any other city in the state. Authorities believe Mexico's main methane disturbance linked to the increase was made locally. In 2007, APD received grants to help continue its work with other agencies and jurisdictions to support them in cleaning up the met lab city. The Akron Police Department coordinates with the Summit County Drug Enforcement Unit and the Drug Eradication Administration, forming the Methamphetamine Clandestine Laboratory Feedback Team.
Famous people
Akron has produced and has become home to a number of prominent individuals in various fields. The natives and the inhabitants are called "Akronites". The first Postmaster of Connecticut Western Reserve and his bank president, General Simon Perkins, founded Akron in 1825. His son, Colonel Simon Perkins, while living in Akron at the same time as John Brown, went to business with Brown. Wendell Willkie, Republican presidential candidate in 1940, worked in Akron as Firestone's lawyer. The pioneering televangelist Rex Humbard became famous in Akron. The publisher of the Beacon Journal publisher, John S. Knight, manages the chain of the Knight National Newspaper from Akron. Announcer Hugh Downs was born in Akron. In the mid to late 1940s, DJ rock 'n' roll pioneer Alan Freed was the music director at Akron's WAKR. Watergate John Dean was born in Akron.
Recorded athletes from Akron include National Basketball Association MVPs LeBron James and Stephen Curry, Basketball Hall of Famers Gus "Honeycomb" Johnson and Nate "The Great" Thurmond, Major League Baseball player Thurman Munson, International Boxing Hall of Famer Gorilla Jones, Tim midfielder Houston Texans, Whitney Mercilus, former Northwestern University trainer and Notre Dame Ara Parseghian, and Butch Reynolds, former world record holder in a 400m run. James Harrison of the New England Patriots was also born in Akron, like the current Tennessee Titans head coach Mike Vrabel.
Artists' performances from Akron included bands such as Ruby and Romantics, Devo, The Black Keys, The Waitresses, and 1964 the Tribute; singers Vaughn Monroe, Chrissie Hynde, James Ingram, Joseph Arthur, Jani Lane, Rachel Sweet and country singer David Allan Coe; and actors Frank Dicopoulos, David McLean, Melina Kanakaredes, Elizabeth Franz, William Boyett, Lola Albright, and Jesse White. Clark Gable and John Lithgow live in Akron.
Poet Rita Dove was born and raised in Akron. He later became the first African American-American Poet, Laureate. Much of his poetry about or takes place in Akron, especially between them Thomas and Beulah, earned him the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for poetry.
The owner of more than 400 patents, original Stanford R. Ovshinsky invented the widely used nickel-metal hydride batteries. Richard Smalley, Nobel Prize winner of Chemistry to find buckminsterfullerene (buckyballs) was born in the city during 1943. Another second US astronaut in space, Judith Resnik, died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and had a Resnik Moon crater named in his honor.
Carol Folt, 11th chancellor and executive chairman of the 29th, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was born in Akron in 1951. He was previously a provost (chief academic officer) and the interim president of Dartmouth College. He assumed his duties on 1 July 2013, and was the first woman to lead UNC.
Philosopher and logician Willard van Orman Quine was born and raised in Akron.
Twin Cities
Akron, by 2015, has two twin cities:
References
Further reading
- Joyce Dyer, Gum-Dyed: A Girl Remembering the City of Rubber. Akron: University of Akron Press, 2003.
- Kathleen Endres, Half Better Akron: Women's Club and City Humanization, 1825-1925, Akron: University of Akron Press, 2006.
- Kathleen L. Endres, Rosie Rubber Worker: Female Worker at Akron Rubber Factory during World War II. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2000
- Jack Gieck, Photo Album Ohio Era Canals, 1825-1913, Revised Edition. Kent: Kent State University Press, 1992
- Jack Gieck, Akron Early Industrial Basin: A History of the Cascade Locks. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2008
- Alfred Winslow Jones, Life, Liberty, & amp; Wealth: The Story of Conflict and Measurement of the Against Rights. Akron: University of Akron Press, 1999.
- S. A. Lane, Fifty Years and More from Akron and Summit County. Akron, 1892.
- S. Love and David Giffels, The Wheel of Luck: The Rubber Story in Akron, Ohio. Akron: University of Akron Press, 1998.
- S. Love, Ian Adams, and Barney Taxel, Stan Hywet Hall & amp; Garden. Akron: University of Akron Press, 2000.
- F. McGovern, Written in the Hills: Landscaping of Akron. Akron: University of Akron Press, 1996.
- F. McGovern, Fun, Cheap, and Easy: My Life in Ohio Politics, 1949-1964. Akron: University of Akron Press, 2002.
- Russ Musarra and Chuck Ayers, Walking around Akron. Akron: University of Akron Press, 2007.
- Oscar E. Olin, et al., Hundred Years' History of Akron, 1825-1925. Summit County Historical Society, 1925.
- John S. Reese, Tourist and Tourist Handbook at Valley Train, Revised Edition. Kent: Kent State University Press, 2002
- Akron Chamber of Commerce Yearbook (1913-14)
External links
- Akron, Ohio on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Official Akron City website
- History of Akron and Summit County
- Balanced wind: biography... Google Books. June 1989. ISBNÃ, 978-0-8387-5154-1 . Retrieved January 21, 2010 . Source of the article : Wikipedia