Volkswagen AG ( German: ['f? lks? va: gn?] ) , internationally known as Volkswagen Group , is a German multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. It designs, manufactures and distributes passenger and commercial vehicles, motorcycles, engines, and turbomachinery and offers related services including financing, leasing and fleet management. In 2016, it is the world's largest automaker with sales, surpassing Toyota and retaining this title by 2017, selling 10.7 million vehicles. It has maintained the largest market share in Europe for more than two decades. It ranks sixth in the Fortune Global 500 2017 list of the world's largest companies. Volkswagen Group sells passenger cars under Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, SEAT ,? Koda and Volkswagen marques; motorcycles under the Ducati brand; and commercial vehicles under the marques of MAN, Scania, and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. It is divided into two major divisions, the Automotive Division and the Financial Services Division, and in 2008 had approximately 342 subsidiaries. VW also has two major joint ventures in China (FAW-Volkswagen and SAIC Volkswagen). The company operates in approximately 150 countries and operates 100 production facilities in 27 countries.
Volkswagen was founded in 1937, to produce a car that would be known as the Beetle. The company's production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, and in 1965 acquired the Auto Union, which later produced the first postwar model of Audi. Volkswagen launched a new generation of front-wheel drive vehicles in the 1970s, including Passat, Polo and Golf; the latter being his bestseller. Volkswagen acquired a controlling stake in SEAT in 1986, making it the first non-German marque of the company, and gaining control of the "koda" in 1994, Bentley, Lamborghini and Bugatti in 1998, Scania in 2008 and Ducati, MAN and Porsche. in 2012. Company operations in China have grown tremendously in the last decade with the country's largest market.
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft is a public company and has a main listing on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, and a secondary listing on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, the SIX Swiss Exchange. It has been traded in the United States through American deposit receipts since 1988, currently in the OTC Marketplace. Volkswagen removes from the London Stock Exchange in 2013. The State of Lower Saxony holds 12.7% of the company's shares, giving it 20% of the voting rights.
Video Volkswagen Group
Histori
1937 hingga 1945
Volkswagen ("People's Car" in German) was founded on May 28, 1937 in Berlin as Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagen mbH ("Limited Company for the preparation of German People's Car", abbreviated to Gezuvor ) by the National Socialist Deutsche Arbeitsfront (German Labor Front). The company's goal is to produce Volkswagen cars, originally referred to as Porsche Type 60, then Volkswagen Type 1, and commonly called Volkswagen Beetle. The vehicle is designed by consulting firm Ferdinand Porsche, and the company is supported by Adolf Hitler support. On September 16, 1938, Gezuvor was renamed Volkswagenwerk GmbH ("Limited Company Volkswagen Factory").
Shortly after the plant near Fallersleben was completed, World War II began and the factory mainly produced military KÃÆ'¼belwagen (Porsche Type 82) and Schwimmwagen related amphibians (Type 166), both of which were from Volkswagen. Only a small number of Type 60 Volkswagen are made during this time. The Fallersleben factory also produced V-1 flying bombs, making the plant the main bombing target for Allied forces.
1945 to 1970
After the war in Europe, in June 1945, Major Ivan Hirst of the British Royal Army Electrical and Mechanical Engineer (REME) took over the factory destroyed by bombs, and resumed production, pending the expected disposal of the plant as a war reparation. However, no english car manufacturer is interested; "Vehicles do not meet the basic technical requirements of the cars... it's very unattractive to the average buyer... To build a car commercially would be a totally uneconomical company". In 1948, Ford Motor Company USA offered Volkswagen, but Ernest Breech, Ford's executive vice president, said he did not think the factory or car was "very valuable." Breech later said that he would consider incorporating Ford Germany and Volkswagen, but after the war, ownership of the company was in dispute so no one could expect to be able to take over. As part of the Industrial plan for Germany, most German industries, including Volkswagen, must be dismantled. The total production of German cars is set at a maximum of 10% of the total production of 1936 cars. The company survived by producing cars for the British Army, and in 1948 the British Government handed the company back to the German state, and it was managed by former head of Opel Heinrich Nordhoff.
Volkswagen Type 60 production (redesigned Type 1) began slowly after the war because of the need to rebuild the factory and due to lack of raw materials, but production grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s. The company began introducing new models based on Type 1, all with the same basics, rear engine, and rear drive platform. These include Volkswagen Type 2 in 1950, Volkswagen Karmann Ghia in 1955, Volkswagen Type 3 in 1961, Volkswagen Type 4 in 1968, and Volkswagen Type 181 in 1969.
In 1960, on the flotation of a share of German federal government stock at a company in the German stock market, its name became Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft (usually abbreviated to Volkswagenwerk AG ).
On January 1, 1965, Volkswagenwerk acquired Auto Union GmbH from its parent company, Daimler-Benz. The new subsidiary went on to produce the first Audi postwar model, the Audi F103 series, shortly thereafter.
Another German manufacturer, NSU Motorenwerke AG, merged into Auto Union on August 26, 1969, created a new company, Audi NSU Auto Union AG (later renamed AUDI AG in 1985).
1970 to 2000
From the late 1970s to 1992, the acronym V.A.G was used by Volkswagen AG as a brand for group activities, such as distribution and rentals. Contrary to popular belief, "V.A.G" has no official meaning, and has never been the name of the Volkswagen Group.
On September 30, 1982, Volkswagenwerk made its first move to expand beyond Germany by signing a cooperation agreement with Spanish car manufacturer SEAT, S.A.
To reflect the increasingly global diversification of the company from its headquarters and its main factory ( Volkswagenwerk in Wolfsburg), on July 4, 1985, the company name was changed again - to Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft > Volkswagen AG ).
On June 18, 1986, Volkswagen AG acquired a 51% controlling stake in SEAT, making it the first non-German subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. On December 23 of the same year, the company became a major shareholder of Spanish companies by increasing its share by up to 75%.
In 1990 - after buying all of its equity - Volkswagen AG took over the full ownership of SEAT, making the company a wholly owned subsidiary, and on 28 March 1991 another step for expanding group activities was carried out through the signing of a joint venture. partnership agreement with? koda automobilovÃÆ'¡ as from Czechoslovakia, accompanied by the acquisition of a 30% stake in the Czech car manufacturer, was raised subsequently on December 19, 1994 to 60.3% and the following year, on December 11, 1995, to 70% of its shares.
Three marques of automotive prestige were added to Volkswagen's portfolio in 1998: Bentley, Lamborghini and Bugatti.
2000 to present
On May 30, 2000, Volkswagen AG, after gradually raising its equity stake, changed? Koda Auto becomes a wholly owned subsidiary.
From 2002 to 2007, the Volkswagen Group automotive division was restructured so that two major Brand Groups with different profiles will be formed, the Audi Brand Group focusing on more sporty values ​​- comprising Audi, SEAT and Lamborghini - and Volkswagen Brand Group in the field of classical values ​​- comprising Volkswagen, Skoda, Bentley, and Bugatti - with each vehicle and product performance of the Brand Group each being under more responsibility high of the Audi and Volkswagen brands.
Volkswagen Group revealed on October 24, 2009 that it has made an offer to acquire its long-time partner and German automotive niche manufacturer Wilhelm Karmann GmbH from bankruptcy protection. In November 2009, the Supervisory Board of Volkswagen AG approved the acquisition of Karmann assets, and plans to restart vehicle production at their OsnabrÃÆ'¼ck plant in 2012.
In December 2009, Volkswagen AG bought a 49.9% stake in Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG (better known as Porsche AG) in the first step towards the 'integrated automotive group' with Porsche. The merger of Volkswagen AG and Porsche SE is scheduled to take place during 2011. On September 8, 2011, it was announced that the proposed merger "can not be implemented within the time frame specified in the Comprehensive Agreement." As an excuse, legal risks that can not be counted, including criminal investigations into the ex-detention management team are given. Both sides "remain committed to the goal of creating an integrated automotive group with Porsche and are confident it will happen." On July 4, 2012, the Volkswagen Group announced that it would complete the remaining half of Porsche's shares worth 4.46 billion euros ($ 5.58 billion) on August 1, 2012 to avoid a tax of 1.5 billion euros, to be paid if the packaging occurs after July 31, 2014. Volkswagen AG purchased the remaining shares in Porsche AG to equal 100% of its stake in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, effectively becoming its parent company as of August 1, 2012.
Volkswagen AG completed the purchase of a 19.9% ​​stake issued by Suzuki Motor Corporation on January 15, 2010. Suzuki invested part of the amount received from Volkswagen to 1.49% percent of Volkswagen. In 2011, Suzuki filed a lawsuit to an arbitration tribunal in London asking Volkswagen to return its 19.9% ​​stake.
On May 25, 2010, it was announced that Volkswagen Group, through its subsidiary Lamborghini Holding S.p.A., has acquired a 90.1% stake in Italian automotive design house Italdesign Giugiaro. In less than three months, the transaction has finished making the Italian company a member of the Volkswagen Group.
By 2015 the study shows security holes in Volkswagen's keyless ignition and other car-maker vehicles. Volkswagen spent two years trying to keep research out of the public domain.
On August 3, 2015, Nokia announced that it has reached an agreement to sell its digital division here to a consortium of three German manufacturers - BMW, Daimler AG and Volkswagen Group, for EUR2.8 billion. This is seen as an indication that automakers are interested in automated cars.
Volkswagen holds 19.9% ​​non-controlling shares in Suzuki between 2009 and 2015. An international arbitration tribunal ordered Volkswagen to sell the shares back to Suzuki. Suzuki paid $ 3.8 billion to complete share repurchase just hours before a major scandal about Volkswagen's emissions breach. Suzuki wants to buy Fiat diesel engine. On September 17, 2015, Suzuki paid $ 3.8 billion to complete share repurchase just hours before news broke out about the common-rail Volkswagen TDI emission scandal that hit Volkswagen.
Emotional scandal
On September 18, 2015, The US EPA announced that Volkswagen had installed a "software defeat" device code in a diesel model sold in the US from 2009-15. The code is intended to detect when emission tests are being performed, and change emissions control for better compliance. From standing tests, control was relaxed, and emissions jumped 35 to 40 times the level of regulation according to researchers at West Virginia University and California Air Resources Board. 482,000 vehicles were under withdrawal orders, potential $ 18 billion ($ 37,500 per violation) pending fines, and news accounts speculating criminal charges for fraud were for sure. VW Group CEO Martin Winterkorn said he was "deeply sorry" and ordered an external investigation. The software code is only revealed when the EPA refuses to certify the 2016 VW model for sale in the US unless the company gives full disclosure. On Sunday, September 20, 2015, VW Group announced it has suspended sales of its four-cylinder diesel model in the US. The US EPA press release on Notice of Breach, and California Air Resources Board letter dated September 18, 2015 contains significant chronological details of agency interaction with VW on this issue.
On September 22, 2015, VW AG admitted that 11 million cars worldwide have been fitted with software aimed at decepting emissions testing. The company issued a profit warning, saying it had set up $ 7.3 billion to fix the fraud. On September 23, 2015, Martin Winterkorn announced his resignation from the CEO position after a corporate board meeting crisis. On September 25, 2015 Matthias MÃÆ'¼ller was appointed CEO. MÃÆ'¼ller is the head of the Porsche marque inside the VW company umbrella.
On April 21, 2017, a US federal judge ordered Volkswagen "to pay a $ 2.8 billion criminal fine to rig a diesel-powered vehicle to cheat on government emissions tests." The "unprecedented" deal formulates a penalty agreed upon by Volkswagen AG in early 2017.
Audi CEO Robert Sadler was arrested on Monday morning, June 18, 2018, in connection with the scandal.
Electrification Strategy 2025
In 2016, Volkswagen Group announces the company's "Strategy 2025" which focuses on electrification of its portfolio. VW Group is developing the Volkswagen Group MEB chassis platform that will be used in various cars and light utility vehicles in some of the VW Group's marads due to its flexibility and floor-mounted batteries.
In May 2018, VW Group has committed $ 48 billion for car battery supply and plans to equip 16 plants to build electric cars by the end of 2022. According to VW Group CEO Herbert Diess, the company will offer 25 electric models and 20 plugs. - in a hybrid in 2020.
Maps Volkswagen Group
Operation
Rooted in Europe, the Volkswagen Group operates in 153 countries. Volkswagen Passenger Cars is the original marque of the Group, and other major subsidiaries including passenger marques cars such as Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, SEAT, and? Koda. Volkswagen AG also has operations in commercial vehicles, owning the Volkswagen Commercial Vehicle, along with controlling shares in trucks, buses and diesel engines manufacturers Scania AB and MAN SE.
Subsidiaries and marques
The Volkswagen Group consists of 12 major vehicle manufacturers and the corresponding marques:
- AUDI AG, Audi Group, and Audi marque: ~ 99.55% ownership; formed through the acquisition of Auto Union from Daimler-Benz on December 30, 1964, and NSU Motorenwerke on March 9, 1969 - Audi became the only marque to survive the combined Union Auto. Audi Sport GmbH is a performance engineering Audi and a manufacturing subsidiary.
- Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A., and Lamborghini marque: 100% ownership. AUDI AG acquires Lamborghini S.p.A. in September 1998.
- Bentley Motors Ltd includes Bentley marque: 100% ownership by Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen buys Rolls-Royce & amp; Bentley from Vickers on July 28, 1998, but the purchase did not include a license to use Rolls-Royce trademarks on cars, controlled by Rolls-Royce Plc. BMW outperformed Volkswagen, successfully acquiring the right to use the Rolls-Royce trademark on cars. From July 1998 to December 2002, BMW continued to supply engines for Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph and the Bentley division sold cars under both Bentley and Rolls-Royce marques, under an agreement with BMW.
- Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S., and Bugatti marque: 100% ownership. Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Groupe VOLKSWAGEN France s.a. Volkswagen acquired Bugatti International S.A. Holding in July 1998.
- Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, and Porsche marque: Volkswagen AG bought a 49.9% stake in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH (parent company Porsche AG) in December 2009. Volkswagen AG bought the remaining shares in Porsche AG to equal 100% of its stake in Porsche Zwischenholding GmbH, effectively becoming its parent company as of August 1, 2012.
- Ducati Motor Holding S.p.A. 100% ownership by Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.; The company was purchased on July 19, 2012.
- MAN SE, and MAN marque (controlling shareholder) Acquired controlling stake in July 2011, making the 10th MAN marque of Volkswagen Group. 75.03% ownership since June 6, 2012.
- Scania AB and Scania marque: Acquired controlling shares in July 2008, making Scania the 9th marque of the Volkswagen Group. 100% ownership since January 15, 2015.
- SEAT, S.A. and SEAT marque: 100% ownership; initially in 1982 a cooperation agreement with AUDI AG; 51% and 75% ownership in 1986, and full ownership in 1990. SEAT is the first non-German subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group.
- ? koda auto a.s.,? Auto, and? koda marque: 100% ownership. initially in 1991 cooperation agreement and 30% ownership; 60.3% and 70% ownership respectively in 1994 and 1995, 100% ownership since 2000
- Volkswagen's Commercial Vehicles (VWCV), or Germany: Volkswagen Nutzfahrzeuge (VWN) : 100% ownership; started operations as an independent entity in 1995.
- Volkswagen Passenger Car, and Volkswagen marque: founder and company's flagship brand, 100% ownership.
The Group also has five dead marques managed through Auto Union GmbH and NSU GmbH, both of which are 100% owned by AUDI AG: Auto Union (Auto Union company, together with NSU Motorenwerke AG (NSU), merged into "Audi NSU Auto-Union AG" in 1969. The name was abbreviated to "AUDI AG" in 1985, and the badge four-ring interlocked Auto Union is still used by AUDI AG).
Under the Volkswagen Act, no shareholder in Volkswagen AG can use more than 20 percent of the company's voting rights, regardless of their shareholding level. This law should protect the Volkswagen Group from taking over. In October 2005, Porsche acquired an 18.53 percent stake in the business, and in July 2006, Porsche increased its holdings to more than 25 percent. Analysts do not agree whether the investment is suitable for Porsche's strategy.
On March 26, 2007, after the European Union moved against Volkswagen's law, Porsche took ownership of up to 30.9 percent, triggering a takeover bid under German law. Porsche officially announced in a press statement that it did not intend to take over the Volkswagen Group, set its bid price to the lowest legal value possible, but intended to avoid competitors taking large shares, or stop hedge funds from dismantling the Volkswagen Group, Porsche's most important partner. On September 16, 2008, Porsche announced that the company has increased its holdings in Volkswagen AG to 35%. In October 2008, Porsche holds 42.6 percent of Volkswagen AG common shares, and holds stock options at another 31.5 percent. thereby effectively holding more than 74%; 42.6 percent of the actual stock, and the rest as a conversion option. Volkswagen AG briefly became the most valuable company in the world, as stock prices rose to over EUR1,000 per share because of short sellers trying to cover their positions. The big investment in Volkswagen left Porsche with a huge financial burden with its debts piling up to 13 billion euros. in 2009. Porsche will get an emergency infusion of about a billion dollars from Volkswagen. In July 2012, Volkswagen completed a Porsche takeover that ended a 4-year story and formed an integrated automotive group with Porsche. Porsche AG will be the 10th brand of Volkswagen. The parent company Porsche SE owns 31 percent of Volkswagen AG's shares while retaining 50.7 percent of the voting rights in the company.
On December 31, 2016, Volkswagen AG's shareholding is distributed as follows:
List of stock markets
Volkswagen AG shares are mainly traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, and are listed under ticker 'VOW3 and' VOW3 'stock symbols. First registered in August 1961, the stock was issued at a price of DM 350 per 100% share, Volkswagen AG's stock is now separated into two different types or classes: 'common stock' and 'stock preference'. Ordinary shares are now traded under the list of WKN 766400 and ISIN DE0007664005, and preferred stocks under the list of WKN 766403 and ISIN DE0007664039.
Volkswagen AG shares are also listed and traded on other domestic and international stock exchanges. In German domestic exchanges, since 1961 this includes in Berlin, DÃÆ'¼sseldorf, Hamburg, Hanover, Munich and Stuttgart. International exchanges included in Basel (registered in 1967), Geneva (1967), ZÃÆ'¼rich (1967), Luxembourg (1979), London (1988), and New York (1988).
Since the beginning of trading in 1961, Volkswagen AG shares have experienced two stock splits - the first was on March 17, 1969 when they were divided on a 2: 1 ratio, from DMÃ, 100 share to a share of 50 DM. The second split occurred on July 6, 1998, the share of DMÃ, 50 converted into part of no overall nominal value, with a ratio of 1:10.
From December 23, 2009, Volkswagen AG chose shares replacing common stock in the DAX index.
Leadership, sales and market share
World-wide automobile manufacturers rank once per year by the OICA International Motor Vehicle Organization Organization.
In 2013, the largest single-country market of Volkswagen Group is China with 3.27 million units shipped, followed by Germany with 1.16 million units. Divided by region, Western Europe is the largest market of the Volkswagen Group with 3.65 million units in 2013, followed by Asia-Pacific with 3.64 million, and South America with 908,000 units shipped in 2013.
European manufacturers' ratings are compiled monthly by the ACEA European Car Manufacturers Association. Volkswagen has held top spot in Europe uninterrupted for more than two decades.
The company nearly failed to become the top global carmaker in the first half of 2014, selling 5.07 million vehicles in the six months ended June 30, 2014, just behind Toyota's 5.1 million vehicle sales.
Sponsors
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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