Times Square is the main commercial crossroads, tourist destinations, entertainment centers and neighborhoods in Midtown Manhattan in New York City at the intersection of Broadway and Seventh Avenue. It stretches from West 42nd to 47th Streets West. Brightly adorned with billboards and commercials, Times Square is sometimes referred to as "The Crossroads of the World", "The Center of the Universe", "the heart of the Great White Way", and "the heart of the world". One of the busiest pedestrian areas in the world, it is also the center of the Broadway Theater District and the main center of the world's entertainment industry. Times Square is one of the most visited tourist spots in the world, attracting approximately 50 million visitors annually. About 330,000 people pass through Times Square every day, many of them tourists, while more than 460,000 pedestrians walk through Times Square on its busiest days.
Formerly known as Longacre Square, Times Square was renamed in 1904 after The New York Times moved its headquarters to the recently-established Times Building - now One Times Square - on December 31, 1907, and continues to this day, attracting over one million visitors to Times Square each year.
Times Square serves as the town square, but not square in the geometric sense of the polygon; it's more of a bowtie shape, with two triangles extending north and south of 45th Street, where Seventh Avenue cuts Broadway. Broadway runs diagonally across the horizontal and vertical roads of Manhattan set by the Commissioners Plan of 1811, and the intersection creates a "bowtie" form from Times Square.
The south triangle of Times Square does not have a special name, but the northern triangle is called Father Duffy Square. It was dedicated in 1937 to Chaplain Francis P. Duffy of the 69th US Infantry Regiment in New York City and was a memorial for him, along with a statue of George M. Cohan, as well as a cheap TKTS ticket ticket run. by the Theater Development Fund. Since 2008, the booth is backed by a red, oblique, triangular staircase, used by people to sit, talk, eat and take photos.
Video Times Square
Histori
Sejarah awal
When Manhattan Island was first inhabited by the Dutch, three small rivers united near the site now 10th Avenue and 40th street. These three streams form "Great Kill" (Dutch:
Before and after the American Revolution, the area belonged to John Morin Scott, a New York militia general, where he served under George Washington. Scott's manor house is on what is currently 43rd Street, surrounded by countryside used for farming and horse farming. In the first half of the nineteenth century, he became one of John Jacob Astor's valuables, which made the second wealth of goods sell to hotels and other real estate issues because the city quickly spread to the city.
By 1872, the area had become a horse cart industry center in New York. The area was not previously named, and the city authorities called it Longacre Square after Long Acre in London, where trading horses and trains were concentrated in the city. William Henry Vanderbilt owns and manages the American Horse Exchange there. In 1910 became Winter Garden Theater.
Because of the more profitable trade and industrialization of lower Manhattan pushing home, theater and prostitution to the north of the Tenderloin District, Long Acre Square was dubbed the "Thief Lair" because of its tortuous reputation as a low entertainment district. The first theater in the square, Olympia, was built by the cigar manufacturer and impresario Oscar Hammerstein I. "In the early 1890s, this rare Broadway stretch was burned with electric light and filled with a crowd of middle and upper class theater, restaurants and customers café. "
1900s-1930s
In 1904, Adolph S. Ochs publisher Adolph S. Ochs moved the newspaper operations to a new skyscraper at 42nd Street in Longacre Square, on the site of the former Pabst Hotel, which was on the site less than a decade since it opened in November 1899. Ochs persuaded Mayor George B. McClellan Jr to build a subway station there, and the area was renamed "Times Square" on April 8, 1904. Just three weeks later, the first electrification ad appeared in side of the bank on the corner of 46th Street and Broadway. The north end became Duffy Square, and the former Horse Exchange became the Winter Garden Theater, built in 1911.
The New York Times moved into a wider office a block west of the square in 1913 and sold the building in 1961. The old Times House was later named Allied Chemical Building in 1963. Now known only as One Times Square, famous for falling Times Square Ball on its roof every New Year's Eve.
In 1913, the Lincoln Highway Association, headed by businessman Carl G. Fisher, chose the intersection of 42nd Street and Broadway (in the southeast corner of Times Square) to become the Eastern Terminus of Lincoln Highway. This is the first road across the United States, which originally stretches 3,389 miles (5,454 km) of coast-to-coast through 13 states to the western terminal at Lincoln Park in San Francisco, California.
Times Square grew dramatically after World War I. It became a cultural center filled with theaters, music halls, and upscale hotels.
Times Square quickly became the New York agora, a gathering place to wait for the good news and celebrate it, whether World Series or presidential election.
Advertising also grew significantly in the 1920s, growing from $ 25 million to $ 85 million over the past decade. For example, the sign of Wrigley Spearmint Gum, probably the largest electric sign "in the world," costs $ 9,000 per month for rent. Some contemporary critics, such as Thorstein Veblen and G. K. Chesterton, do not like ads in Times Square. Fritz Lang, after seeing Times Square in 1923, used it as an inspiration for his dark industrial film Metropolis .
Entertainment icons like Irving Berlin, Charlie Chaplin, and Fred Astaire are closely related to Times Square in the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. However, also during this period that the region began to be besieged by crime and corruption, in the form of gambling and prostitution; one case that received great attention was the arrest and subsequent execution of police officer Charles Becker.
1930-1950
The general atmosphere of Times Square changed with the occurrence of the Great Depression in the early 1930s. City residents moved to the city center to cheaper neighborhoods, and many popular theaters were closed, replaced by saloons, brothels, "tomb hall, vaudeville stage, and house dime." This region gained a reputation as a dangerous and slum environment in the following decades.
Nevertheless, Times Square continues to be the scene of the annual ball fall on New Year's Eve. The ball drop was placed on hiatus for New Year's Eve in 1942 and 1943 due to lighting restrictions during World War II. Instead, the moment of silence is observed at midnight in Times Square, accompanied by the sound of bells being played from sound trucks.
On May 8, 1945, a large crowd celebrated Victory on European Day in Times Square; and on August 15, 1945, the largest crowd in the history of Times Square gathered to celebrate Victory over Japan Day. The victory itself was announced by a headline on the zipper news ticker in One Times Square, which reads "*** OFFICIAL OFFICIAL TRADE OF JAPANESE SURRENDER ***", six asterisks representing the branches of the US Armed Forces.
1960s-1980s
From the 1960s to the early 1990s, the increasingly widespread of this region, mainly because go-go bars, sex shops, peeping shows and adult theaters, became the famous symbol of the city's decline.
In the early 1960s, 42nd Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenue was described by The New York Times as the "worst" [block] in the city ". Later in the decade, Times Square was depicted in the Midnight Cowboy as sandy, dark and desperate, and worsening in the 1970s and 1980s, as did crime throughout the city. By 1984, an unprecedented 2,300 crime occurred in the single block, of which 460 were serious crimes such as murder and rape.
At that time, low police morale and small criminals who committed minor crimes were not arrested. William Bratton, who was appointed New York City Police Commissioner in 1994 and again in 2014, stated, "The [NYPD] does not want high performance, it wants to stay out of trouble, to avoid corruption scandals and conflicts in the community. many years, the key to successful careers in the NYPD, as in many bureaucratic bureaucracies, is to avoid risk and avoid failure.Thus, the police become more careful as they move up the ranks, to the highest level. "The city government does not apply broken window theory at first, and the low profile criminal offense considered by some at the time has led to more high-level crimes occurring. Previously elegant theaters began to show porn, and the con artists are commonplace. The area was so abandoned at one point during that time that the entire area of ​​Times Square paid the city only $ 6 million in property taxes, which is less than what a mid-size office building in Manhattan would typically generate today's tax revenues in 1984 dollars..
In the 1980s, commercial building explosions began in western Midtown as part of a long-term development plan developed under Mayor Ed Koch and David Dinkins.
1990s
In 1990, the State of New York took six of the nine historic theaters on 42nd Street, and the newly appointed 42nd Street nonprofit organization to oversee their recovery and maintenance. Theater undergoing renovations for Broadway shows, conversions for commercial purposes, or demolition.
In 1992, the Times Square Alliance (formerly the Times Square Business Development Zone, or "BID" for the short term), a coalition of city governments and local businesses dedicated to improving the quality of trade and cleanliness in the district, started operations in the area..
In the mid-1990s, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani led efforts to clear up the area, an effort described by Steve Macek at Urban Agemares: Media, Right, and Moral Panic Over the City: Security increased, pornographic cinemas closed down, and unwanted "low" residents forced to move, and then more and more friendly places and upscale establishments opened. Proponents of remodeling claims that the environment is safer and cleaner. The detractors have denied that the change has been homogenized or "disneyfied" the character of Times Square and has targeted unfair New Yorkers from low-income neighborhoods such as Hell's Kitchen. The change was largely shaped by the actions of The Walt Disney Company, which bought and returned the New Amsterdam Theater after several rebuilding efforts have failed. As part of a contract with Disney, city and state officials ousted pornographic theaters and contracted with Madame Tussauds and the AMC Theater to move to 42nd Street. This spurred the construction of new office buildings, hotels, and tourist attractions in the area.
Times Square now offers attractions like ABC Times Square Studios, where Good Morning America is live; competing stores Hershey and M & amp; M across the street to each other; and some multiplex cinema. In addition, the area contains restaurants such as Ruby Foo's, Chinese restaurants; Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, a seafood company; Planet Hollywood Restaurant and Bar, themed restaurant; and Carmine's, serves Italian cuisine. It has also attracted a number of major finance, publishing, and media companies to set up headquarters in the area. The presence of a larger police force has increased the security of the area.
Broadway Theater and a large number of animated neon and LED signs have become one of New York's iconic images as well as symbols of the intense aspect of Manhattan. Such boards are mandated by zoning procedures requiring the building owner to display illuminated signs, the only district in New York City with this requirement. The actual environment has a minimum limit for lighting, not a standard maximum limit. The density of illuminated signs in Times Square rivals that in Las Vegas. Officially, the signs in Times Square are called "spectaculars", and the largest of them are called "jumbotrons". This marking procedure was carried out in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the revitalization program for which New York Governor Mario Cuomo was implemented in 1993.
Famous Signage includes a Toshiba billboard directly below the NYE ball drop, a seven-story NASDAQ curved sign on the NASDAQ MarketSite at 4 Times Square on 43rd Street, and a curved Coca-Cola sign located beneath another large LED screen owned and operated by Samsung.. Both the Coca-Cola mark and the Samsung LED display are built by the Daktronics LED display manufacturer. America's first wind-powered first-time Billboard and solar energy were first lit on December 4, 2008. Finished, the development of 20 Times Square will host the largest 18,000-square-foot LED signboard in Times Square. The screen will be 1,000 square feet larger than the Times Square Walgreens display and one of the world's largest video-capable screens.
2000s-present
In 2002, New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani swore an oath to the next mayor, Michael Bloomberg, in Times Square after midnight on January 1 as part of New Year's celebrations from 2001 to 2002. About 500,000 visitors attend school. High security following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, with more than 7,000 New York City police officers stationed in Square, twice the number for the regular year.
Since 2002, the summer solstice has been marked by "Mind over Madness", a mass yoga event involving up to 15,000 people. Tim Tompkins, one of the founders of the event, said part of its appeal was "to find silence and calm amid the busyness of the city on the longest day of the year".
On the morning of March 6, 2008, a small bomb caused minor damage, but no injuries were reported.
On May 1, 2010, Times Square was evacuated from 43rd to 46th Streets after the discovery of a car bomb. It was found as a failed bombing.
In February 2011, Times Square became smoke-free because New York extended the smoking ban outdoors to the area. This step imposed a $ 50 fine for every person caught smoking in the area.
From January 29 to February 1, 2014, a "Super Bowl Boulevard" was held on Broadway, especially in Times Square, between 34th and 47th Streets, as part of the Super Bowl XLVIII. The highway contains activities such as autographs, running as high as 60 feet (18 m) -high toboggan, and photographs with Vince Lombardi Trophy. The area experienced increased security and saw more than 400,000 people during the period.
Pedestrian Square
On February 26, 2009, Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that the traffic lane along Broadway from 42nd Street to 47th Street will be mapped from Memorial Day 2009 and converted into a pedestrian plaza as an experiment until at least the end of the year. The same is done in Herald Square from 33rd to 35th Street. The goal is to reduce traffic congestion throughout the city's central grid. The results should be closely monitored to determine whether the project is successful and should be extended. Bloomberg also stated that he believes that road closures will make New York more livable by reducing pollution, reducing vehicular-pedestrian accidents and helping traffic flow more smoothly.
The pedestrian plaza project was initially opposed by local businesses, who thought that closing the road to a car would hurt the business. The original seats prepared for pedestrians are cheap, colorful plastic lawn chairs, a source of entertainment for many New Yorkers; they took place from the beginning of the plaza transformation until August 14, 2009, when they collectively assembled in an installation called "Now You See It, Now You Are No" by artist Jason Peters, and soon replaced by a stronger one. metal furniture. Although the square has mixed results in traffic in the area, injuries to motorists and pedestrians decline, fewer pedestrians walk on the road, and the number of pedestrians in Times Square increases. On February 11, 2010, Bloomberg announced that a pedestrian plaza would be permanent.
The city began rebuilding the square in 2010, hiring the SnÃÆ'¸hetta design and landscape company to replace the Broadway road permanently with pavilions and custom-made granite benches. In December 2013, the first phase of the Times Square pedestrian plaza was completed at the southern end of the square in time for the fall of the Times Square Ball on New Year's Eve. The project was originally planned to be completed by the end of 2015. The entire project is finally completed before New Year's Eve 2016. Some safety bollards are also installed as part of renovations to prevent vehicle attacks or collisions on the sidewalk. After a car accident that killed one person and injured 22 others on May 18, 2017, there was a call to install more bollards throughout Times Square.
The Times Square pedestrian square is frequented by topless women called "desnudas", as well as costumed characters, who usually reach out for tips. The pedestrian plaza is the source of controversy in the summer of 2015 because of the many complaints about topless women and swaying characters. Although none of these activities are illegal, opponents believe that the presence of beggars is detrimental to the quality of life in the area. There was a call from Bratton Police Commissioner and Mayor Bill de Blasio to remove the square, though Borough President Manhattan Gale Brewer opposed the proposal. In June 2016, work began on a "pedestrian flow zone" where no one was allowed to roam, as well as an "activity zone" where costumed characters were allowed to perform.
Maps Times Square
Number of visitors
Times Square is the most visited place in the world with 360,000 daily visitors, numbering more than 131 million per year. By 2013, it has a larger presence than each of the Disney theme parks worldwide, with 128,794,000 visitors between March 2012 and February 2013, versus 126,479,000 for the Walt Disney World theme park in Bay Lake, Florida, in the year 2012.
Not even including residents of visitors, Times Square is the second most visited tourist attraction in the world, behind the Las Vegas Strip. High pedestrian traffic rates have generated $ 4.8 billion in annual retail sales, entertainment and hotels, with 22 cents of every dollar spent by visitors in New York City spent in Times Square.
New Year's Eve
Times Square is the annual New Year's Eve ball drop. About a million people revel in the Times Square crowd for New Year's celebrations, more than twice the number of regular visitors that are usually received daily. However, for the millennium celebrations of December 31, 1999, the published report said about 2 million people spewed Times Square, flowing from 6th Avenue to 8th Avenue and all the way back on Broadway and Seventh Avenues to 59th Street, making it the largest meeting in Times Square since August 1945 during the celebration marked the end of World War II.
On December 31, 1907, a ball that marked New Year's Day was first dropped in Times Square, and Square has held major New Year's celebrations in New York City ever since. That night, hundreds of thousands of people gathered to watch a Waterford Crystal ball lowered at the pole above the building, marking the start of the new year. It replaced the luxurious fireworks display from the top of the building held from 1904 to 1906, but was stopped by city officials due to fire hazard. Beginning in 1908, and for more than eighty years thereafter, the Times Square maker Artkraft Strauss was responsible for the decline of the ball. During World War II, a minute of silence, followed by recording church bells, replacing the ball fell due to wartime blackout restrictions. Today, Countdown Entertainment and One Times Square are handling New Year's Eve events in conjunction with the Times Square Alliance.
A new energy-saving LED ball made its debut for the coming of 2008, which is a century away from the Times Square drop. The 2008/2009 ball is bigger and has become a permanent installation as a year-round attraction, which is used for celebrations on days such as Valentine's Day and Halloween.
The New York City Sanitation Department estimates that at 8 am on New Year's Day 2014, it cleans over 50 tons of waste from New Year's celebrations, using 190 workers from their own crew and the Times Square Alliance.
Famous landmark
Times Square is a busy intersection of art and commerce, where many advertisements - signs of electricity, neon and illuminated and "zippered" news crawl - compete for the attention of viewers. Important examples include;
- Coca-Cola Marks
- Disney Store
- Forever 21 (formerly Virgin Megastores)
- Hard Rock Cafe New York
- M & amp; World M
- Planet Hollywood
- PlayStation Theater
- Times Square Studios (used primarily for selected ABC News and ESPN programs, such as Good Morning America )
- TKTS booth
In popular culture
The location is easy to spot, Times Square has been displayed many times in the literature, on television, in movies, in video games, and in music videos.
Area sharpness is featured in movies such as Midnight Cowboy (1969) and Taxi Driver (1976). This area is featured in the 1980 Times Square movies, featuring the punk rock/new wave soundtrack. It was also portrayed in the 2011 movie New Year's Eve . The area also appears on The Amazing Race as one of the locations in the race around the world, especially in the first episode of the 25th season of the event.
Times Square has been attacked and destroyed fictitiously in a number of films, including Knowing , when the sun beacon destroys New York City; Deep Impact , when a tsunami created from a meteor impact destroys New York City; film 1998 Godzilla , in which Godzilla was pursued through the square; movies Ghostbusters ; Stephen King's The Stand , where the intersection is overcome by total anarchy; end of Captain America: The First Avenger ; and Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen . It was also seen in the festival combat scene in the 2002 Spider-Man movie, and an impasse in the next movie The Amazing Spider-Man 2 .
Movies and TV shows also use opposite tactics, describing areas that are typically crowded as scary, such as Vanilla Sky, and post-apocalyptic I Am Legend , where Will Smith and his dog went hunting deer in a quiet valley of the city. In the pilot episode of the TV series Blindspot , Times Square was completely emptied because the abandoned bag was thought to be a bomb.
Times Square is also featured prominently in video games, such as Grand Theft Auto IV , where the Times Square recreation area is included in the fictional "Liberty City" game; Battlefield 3 , where the final battle with the main antagonist takes place, where the player must stop him from detonating a nuclear bomb on the square; and Crysis 2 , where players must fight against foreign troops to assist US Marines in evacuating the area.
See also
In the Times Square area
- Duffy Square, north of Times Square between 45th and 47th Streets
- Good Riddance Day, an unofficial holiday celebrated in Times Square since 2007
- Midtown Community Court, a branch of the New York City Criminal Court primarily focusing on the quality of life around Times Square
- Naked Cowboy, New York City street performer and prominent Times Square fixtures
- Theater District, Manhattan
- Times Square - Terminal Subway Terminal/Port Authority 42nd serve 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 , & lt; 7 & gt; , A , C , E , N , Q , R , W , and S (42nd Street Shuttle) train
More
- L.A. Live, a public square in downtown Los Angeles
- Lincoln Highway, the terminal is in Times Square
- Piccadilly Circus, a commercialized commercial intersection in London
- Yonge-Dundas Square, a public square in downtown Toronto
References
Note
Bibliografi
- Brown, H. (1922) Panduan Valentine untuk Old New York . Valentine.
- Fazio, W. (2000) Times Square , Pers Anak-Anak. ISBN: 0-516-26530-X
- Friedman, J. (1993) Kisah-Kisah Times Square Feral House. ISBN: 0-922915-17-2
- Leach, William (1993). Tanah Keinginan . New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN: 0307761142.
- NYC-Architecture.com
- Taylor, W. (1996) Menemukan Times Square , Johns Hopkins U. Press. ISBNÂ 0-8018-5337-0
- Traub, James (2004) Playground Iblis: Abad Kesenangan dan Keuntungan di Times Square New York: Random House. ISBNÂ 0-375-50788-4
Tautan eksternal
- Kamera langsung Times Square
- Times Square lebih banyak webcam
- Aliansi Aliansi Times Square dan Daftar Acara
- Panorama Times Square 360 ​​
- "Wajah Berubah Times Square" di situs web Perpustakaan Umum New York
- Pusat Seni Times Square
- NYC-Architecture.com
- Turis New York City
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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