The central vacuum cleaner (also known as native or distributed ) is a type of vacuum cleaner, fitted into the building as semi-permanent equipment. The central vacuum system is designed to remove dirt and debris from homes and buildings, sending particles of dirt through pipes mounted inside walls to collecting containers in remote utility rooms. The power unit is a permanent fixture, usually installed in a basement, garage, or storage room, along with a container. Inlet mounted on the wall throughout the building attached to the power hose and other central vacuum accessories to remove dust, particles, and small debris from the interior space. Most power hoses usually have a power switch located on the handle.
Video Central vacuum cleaner
Histori
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The first introduction of a system similar to the central vacuum cleaner was at the end of the 19th century. A dispensing machine featuring copper tubes connected from the bellows room, usually located in the basement, and extended to several locations throughout the building, is used in selected houses today. Due to the weak engine cost and dust removal capability, only a few of these units have ever been sold in the United States.
In 1869 Ives McGaffey patented the first portable vacuum cleaner, or "sweeping machine". The portable vacuum cleaner is the parent product to the modern central vacuum system.
20th century
In the 1930s, the development of powerful small electric motors increased the popularity and availability of portable vacuum cleaners, and subsequently shifted consumers from buying central cleaners.
In the early 1960s, the invention of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) vacuum thinwall pipe made the central vacuum system more affordable in the United States. Previously, the more expensive metal tubes were used exclusively, and may still be used for some or all installations, if required by building fire code rules.
In the 1990s, the central vacuum system gained popularity among real estate agents and home reminders for the value they add to homes in resale. Allergies also played an important role in the growing popularity of central vacuum systems in the 1990s.
Maps Central vacuum cleaner
Health benefits
With a completely exhausted central vacuum system from home, no dust or allergens can be recirculated through interior air, as is the case with traditional vacuum.
A 2001 study at the University of California at Davis showed improvements in various aspects of health in 25 people with a documented history of type I hypersensitivity to house dust.
The central vacuum installation can earn points for Leadership Certification in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Home Health certification by the American Lung Association, or the National Green Building Standards of the National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB).
Operation
To use a central vacuum, the vacuum hose is removed from storage and fitted with the necessary cleaning accessories (such as a brush). The other end of the hose is inserted into the vacuum hole mounted on the wall, after opening the spring cover door. In some designs, opening the switch door on a vacuum motor; in another design, the insertion of a two-metallic power hose coupled bridge, indicating the motor to turn on. Other alternative designs have long-lived/dead switches located at the end of the vacuum hose tool, which communicate via a pair of embedded cables in the hose, or through wireless signaling.
Vacuuming is done in the same way as with a portable machine. Sometimes, higher vacuum power from the vacuum center may require a reduction (for example, when cleaning a thin fine cloth curtain). The excess vacuum is "bled off" by opening some bloody ports or slots to let some air in through the cleaning tool. The bleed port is usually located at the end of the vacuum hose tool, to allow for quick adjustment when in use.
When cleaning is complete, the vacuum hose is removed from the entrance wall (which locks shut and switches off the vacuum motor). The hose is rolled up and hung on a storage rack, and all cleaning accessories are stored.
Separation of dirt
The centralized cyclone and filtered vacuum systems are the two main types of central Vacuum, distinguished by the methods used to separate the dirt and dust from the incoming airflow.
Correct cyclone cleansers do not use filter bags, but separate dirt and dust into detachable binary vessels or containers. Air and dust are sucked at high speed into the collecting vessel in the direction that intersects the vessel wall, creating a rapidly spinning vortex. Roughly, the particles of dust and other debris rotate outward to the wall of the ship by centrifugal force, where they fall due to gravity to the bottom of the collection bin. For a more complete technical description of this process, see the article on "Cyclone Segregation".
In a fixed-installation central vacuum cleaner, the cleaned air may be discharged directly outside without the need for further filtration. A well-designed cyclone separation system does not lose suction power due to airflow restrictions, until the collecting vessel is almost full. This is very different from the bag filter system, which gradually loses suction because the pores in the filter become clogged by the dirt and dust collected.
Filtered systems use different types of bags or filters to clean (permanent fabric bags) or replace (disposable paper bags) on a regular basis. Filters can be made from screening, foam, paper, or fabric, and usually exclusive designs that may not be widely available. Over time, repeated purchases of filters and bags can be a significant ongoing cost.
Bag damage is an emerging problem with filtered central vacuums. In a portable vacuum, if the filter bag fails, this condition becomes very clear when a cloud of dust and dirt enters the room. Although this creates chaos, at least the problem can be immediately controlled by turning off the appliance. Conversely, if the bag filter in the central unit should fail, small changes can be noticed by the remote operator. In fact, the only visible change might be an increase in the suction power as a clogged but damaged bag is completely bypassed. If filtered air is also used to cool the motor (a very distinctive design), the first clue that something is wrong may occur when the motor really is stretched upward due to the accumulated dirt on the motor brush, the coil, or the pads. Such failure may require complete replacement of an expensive central unit.
Filterless central vacuums are completely immune to such failures. In addition, the best designs in both systems incorporate what is called "bypass cooling", using a completely separate ambient air source to cool the motor, rather than the prudent design using dirty filtered airflows for this vital function.
A hybrid cyclone screening system has been made, which uses basic cyclonic motions to separate larger particles of dirt, but relies on a conventional filter bag to trap finer particles. The correct cyclone system is very effective at removing all the best particles, which then runs out directly outside, thus eliminating the need for replaceable filters and airflow restrictions. The exhaust from a good-quality cycloneic system does not contain large visible particles, and contains much less flakes than a clothes dryer exhaust.
Tools and accessories
The central vacuums can be equipped with an electric power brush or an air-driven electric brush. Air-driven systems (or turbines) are often cheaper because they do not require a power cord to allow electricity to run into any wall entry channel. The turbine-driven brush tends to be louder than the electric brush; noise from one is more noticeable in the absence of "vacuum restraints" generated by a portable vacuum. Many users find that high Vacuums central sucking is more than enough for most casual cleaning jobs, but ordering a powerful brush tool for more difficult tasks.
The standard central vacuum system is on average equipped with a 30 foot (9 m) hose, plus a standard cleaning tool similar to that used with portable vacuum cleaners. For more convenience, some owners will store hoses and a set of tools on each floor of a multi-storey building. When not in use, the hose is loosely wrapped around a wire rack mounted on the closet wall, or behind the door.
An alternative to storing a vacuum hose is the "Hide-A-Hose" system, which uses suction to pull the hose into a vacuum tube on the wall for storage. The length of hose used is usually 30/40/50 ft (9/12/15 m). Successful installation of the system requires special equipment, and careful design and workmanship, to ensure smooth sealing of the tube into the tube for storage. A minimized 10-foot (3 m) version (such as "Spot by Vroom") is available for quick onsite cleaning such as mud spaces and laundry rooms. The original "Vroom" system, which is still available, uses suction to operate a hose reel installed in the cabinet with a 24 × ft (7.3 m) hose instead of storing a hose in the wall tubing.
The modular vacuum tube called "QuickClick" is available in lengths of 10/15/20 feet (3/4.5/6Ã,m), allowing special hoses to be quickly set or taken apart by end users. In addition, a promotional article in a trade magazine says that rheumatic treatments can connect and disconnect the hose regardless of their disability.
Automatic dustpans (eg "Vacpan" or "KickSweep") can be installed in the kickspace beneath the kitchen table, bathroom or workspace, allowing someone to use a standard broom to sweep the debris directly into the vacuum duct located there. Alternatively, "DrawerVac" inlets that pull out like drawers from under the desk or counter can be used to remove debris from a shop or work surface.
The main disadvantage of central Vacuums is the higher initial cost. In the United States, the average central vacuum system has an installation cost of about $ 1,000. These initial costs should be weighed against the long-term benefits of central vacuum, including longer equipment usage life, and immeasurable cost of consumables if an unfiltered system is selected.
The central vacuum system is generally considered by the owner of the permanent building fixture of the building in which it is installed, similar to the pipe and electrical equipment. Short-term tenants are likely to lose investments made to increase property, unless prior agreements are made with the property owner. The installation of quality central vacuum increases the value of residential property or commercial property.
At least one manufacturer (HP Vacuflo) manufactures small-scale central vacuum units intended for installation in individual smaller apartments, condominiums, or even mobile homes. Such units can be installed without using inwall pipes, enabling deinstallation and removal later. Unlike larger cyclone models produced by the same company, these compact units use conventional filter bags, but retain most of the other advantages of the central vacuum system. Different systems, called "OnBoard", are designed for recreational vehicles (motor homes), and pleasure boats, and have optional wet vacuum capabilities.
Maintenance
The central vacuum system requires periodic emptying of the dirt tube or changing the filter bag, usually 2-4 times per year. In some models, it is also important that filters are often replaced, especially for designs where the air has just filtered through the motor for cooling. For filtered systems, the pockets may need to be replaced long before they are charged to their nominal capacity, due to reduced suction due to clogging with dirt or fine dust.
Unchecked cyclone separation systems only need to empty the waste collection container before the suction falls when near full conditions are reached. Many cyclone vacuum systems are now equipped with translucent penetrating transparent collecting tubes, allowing quick checks without removing the tubes.
Regardless of the sewage separation system used, electric motors may require lubrication of the bearings, or replacement of carbon brushes on a rare base, usually measured in years.
Rarely, the central vacuum system may become blocked, especially if the tubing is not installed properly, or if the system is abused by vacuuming sticky substances (such as paint or glue or wet food). A homeowner can usually use simple tools and techniques to find and remove obstruction, or can hire professional vacuum installers to make improvements. Flexible hose is often a blockage location, which can usually be dislodged using a snake plumber.
Installation
The main concern when designing a central vacuum system is to avoid situations that may cause blockage of pipes with debris such as toothpicks, hair clips, needles, or similar shaped objects. The most important protection is in vacuum holes, which are deliberately designed with a radius of curvature that is tighter than other bends in the system. This is done to ensure that if the dried debris becomes stuck, it will jam right in the inlet, where it is most easily found and removed. Well designed central vacuum pipes are rarely or never clogged unless heavily misused (eg vacuum wet drum dust, wet powder, or other sticky substances).
The wall hole is connected to a power unit with an in-wall canister, or through a vertical pipe, cabinet, attic, basement or cold air return channel (if permitted with building codes). In new construction, vacuum tubes are usually installed during the "rough" phase after the building's interior has been completed, after other in-wall utilities (eg pipes, HVAC, electricity, etc.), and just before drywall, panels, or other surface finishes are installed. In fact, vacuum tubes may have to be installed before cable installation (for electric, telephone, LAN, etc.), since cable routing is usually less constrained than a tube. In a similar way to pipe and electrical equipment, vacuum inlet fittings and final connections are installed in the final phase, after finishing the finished wall.
The vacuum tube system can be installed by an electrician, plumber, special contractor, or even a homeowner (DIY).
The reinforcement of the vacuum tube in the existing structure can be surprisingly straight forward or more difficult, depending on the anatomy of the building. Home renovation projects can produce annoying plaster dust and other construction debris and debris. Installing a central vacuum at the beginning of the project makes ongoing cleaning much easier, especially if it is a true cyclone cyclone unit, which can inhale even rough or sharp construction debris without concern about plugging or damage to the bag.
A typical house requires 2-4 niches per floor, although many users find the vacuum center so comfortable that they then put up additional holes in the basement, attic, garage, and even on the back porch (for vacuuming car interior, storage, etc..). The rough rule is one inlet per 600 square feet (56 m 2 ) of the floor area. The inlet should be placed in a convenient location that can not be blocked by open doors or furniture, such as in a central aisle. Cables that can not be stretched with an appropriate length (or thin wire on an architectural scale image) can be used to check the sufficient range of a vacuum hose.
The routing and layout design of the vacuum tube is very similar to the drain-wast-vent (DWV) pipe, with the exception that pitch pitch or gradient for drainage is not required. The design of a shared vacuum system with DWV designs concerns about eliminating internal roughness, bumps, burrs, sharp turns, pockets, or other obstructions to smooth the flow that may cause the buildup of material into the pipe plug. Tubing for central vacuums has several unique constraints, and some unusual abilities, such as the ability to run pipes straight up after a long horizontal "start start". In some jurisdictions, fire code rules require that the collar of the collar intumescent be installed around the pipe when it penetrates the firewall. If the pipes flow through unheated space, external pipeline insulation may be required to prevent moisture from condensation inside. The details of these and other installations are described in the installation manuals available from the manufacturer.
Two different diameters of thinwall (usually 20 gauge or "Schedule 20") plastic tubes have traditionally been used in the US. For years, HP Vacuflo recommended a smaller pipe 1 13 / 16 -inch (4.6 cm) size (outside diameter), claiming that their study showed that it was less likely to clog. However, the manufacturer has also switched to a de facto industry standard size of outside diameter tubes of 2 inches (5.1 cm) and suitable equipment. In most cases, the end user does not need to be aware of the tubing size in the central vacuum system, but the tube size should be considered when extending, modifying, or repairing the system. A size adapter has been created to allow interconnection of two sizes when needed.
Other tube options, which became popular in commercial applications and with DIYer, were "Schedule 40" standard 2-inch pipes. The main advantages of pipeline pipe are wide availability, slightly larger diameter, and thicker walls. Thicker materials increase durability and roughness in installations where the tubing runs are subjected to mechanical damage or abuse (though these are rarely reported as problems with thinwall tubing). The main disadvantage is that thicker materials make the pipes less flexible, heavier, and somewhat more difficult to work on. The thick pipe wall increases the outer diameter of the pipe to 2 3 / 8 inch (6.0 cm), requiring completeness designed for this. To use the pipe pipes for a central vacuum installation, a special adapter (available from many central vacuum retailers) is required to connect the pipe to the central vacuum chimney and the power unit.
Sometimes, new home owners who are being built may choose to install vacuum pipes and control the cables on the wall, but delay the purchase of central units, hoses, and equipment to reduce cash flow requirements. Installing pipes and cables for central vacuum in new construction is definitely much easier if done before drywall and finishing other walls. Short-term cost savings to suspend full system completion should be weighed against the great ease of having a functional vacuum system, especially during commissioning and moving periods, which results in more than the usual amount of debris to clean.
See also
- List of vacuum cleaners
- Pneumatic refuse evacuation systems - larger central vacuum systems used to dispose industrial or municipal waste
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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